Genetic Characterization of Parainfluenza Virus 3 Derived from Guinea Pigs.

Ohsawa, Kazutaka; Yamada, Akio; Takeuchi, Kaoru; Watanabe, Yoji; Miyata, Hironori; Sato, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.60.919

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…HRV3 causes respiratory disease and asthma exacerbation in people worldwide, especially in children and the elderly, but it is less virulent than MPV [39]. HRV3 has a wide host range, including primates, ruminants and rodents [40]. Simian agent 10, first isolated in 1963 from an apparently healthy blue monkey [41], was later identified as HRV3 and attributed to anthroponotic transmission [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin

Negrey

Reddy

Scully

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Respiratory viruses of human origin infect wild apes across Africa, sometimes lethally. Here we report simultaneous outbreaks of two distinct human respiratory viruses, human metapneumovirus (MPV; Pneumoviridae : Metapneumovirus ) and human respirovirus 3 (HRV3; Paramyxoviridae ; Respirovirus , formerly known as parainfluenza virus 3), in two chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) communities in the same forest in Uganda in December 2016 and January 2017. The viruses were absent before the outbreaks, but each was present in ill chimpanzees from one community during the outbreak period. Clinical signs and gross pathologic changes in affected chimpanzees closely mirrored symptoms and pathology commonly observed in humans for each virus. Epidemiologic modelling showed that MPV and HRV3 were similarly transmissible ( R 0 of 1.27 and 1.48, respectively), but MPV caused 12.2% mortality mainly in infants and older chimpanzees, whereas HRV3 caused no direct mortality. These results are consistent with the higher virulence of MPV than HRV3 in humans, although both MPV and HRV3 cause a significant global disease burden. Both viruses clustered phylogenetically within groups of known human variants, with MPV closely related to a lethal 2009 variant from mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ), suggesting two independent and simultaneous reverse zoonotic origins, either directly from humans or via intermediary hosts. These findings expand our knowledge of human origin viruses threatening wild chimpanzees and suggest that such viruses might be differentiated by their comparative epidemiological dynamics and pathogenicity in wild apes. Our results also caution against assuming common causation in coincident outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin

Negrey

Reddy

Scully

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…These primers were designed from a consensus of genomic sequences of three other published HPIV-3 strains, JS, 47885, and GPv (Galinski, 1991;Stokes et al, 1992;Ohsawa et al, 1998). Other HPIV-3-specific primers may be used to incorporate other promoters and/or restriction sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (HPIV‐3): Construction and Rescue of an Infectious, Recombinant Virus Expressing the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP)

Roth

Barnard

2010

CP Microbiology

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The ability to rescue an infectious, recombinant RNA virus from a cDNA clone has led to new opportunities for measuring viral replication from a viral expressed reporter gene. In this protocol, the process of inserting the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene into the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV‐3) antigenome and rescuing a recombinant, infectious virus is described. The first step in this process includes the generation of a cDNA clone copied from viral RNA isolated from an HPIV‐3 wild‐type infection. Next, the EGFP gene is inserted into the viral genome so that it is expressed independently during virus replication. Third, the viral support genes that are responsible for viral replication are cloned into T7 expression plasmids. Finally, an infectious, rHPIV3‐EGFP virus is rescued from the cDNA clone with assistance from the viral support genes. Ultimately, cells infected with the rHPIV3‐EGFP virus will emit green fluorescence that can be photographed and quantitated. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:15F.1.1‐15F.1.22. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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“…HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3, CAVIAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3, GUINEA PIG PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3 ETIOLOGY Human parainfluenza virus 3 is a member of the genus Respirovirus, whose type species is Sendai virus (Fauquet, 2005). Sequence analysis of a Guineapig parainfluenza virus 3 isolated in 1998 from a colony of guinea pigs in Japan indicates that it has 95.6-97.9% nucleotide identity to Human parainfluenza 3 virus and 71.0-79.6% to Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 suggesting this virus was introduced into guinea pigs from a human with human parainfluenza virus 3 (Ohsawa et al, 1998). A novel paramyxovirus (cavian parainfluenza virus 3) was isolated in 2002 from a colony of guinea pigs (Simmons et al, 2002).…”

Section: Paramyxoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%