Genetic comparison among various coronavirus strains for the identification of potential vaccine targets of SARS-CoV2

Kaur, Navdeep; Singh, Raman; Zahid, Dar; Bijarnia, Rakesh Kumar; Dhingra, Neelima; Kaur, Tarundeep

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104490

Cited by 94 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…In terms of genetic makeup, SARS-CoV-2 showed 96.2% homology to a bat SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV; RaTG13) procured from Yunnan province, China; while similarity to the genome of the SARS-like virus is 85%. Besides this, high conservation of E, M, and A structural proteins across all beta-CoV strains show genomic divergence (Wu et al 2020c ; Kaur et al 2020 ). It will be important to keep track of the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, because RNA viruses are traditionally known for high mutation rates.…”

Section: Environmental Issues and The Emergence Of Pandemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic

Mishra

Arora

2021

Environmental Sustainability

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has taken mankind by surprise with various unprecedented impacts on human life around the globe. This zoonotic pandemic is proving to be the most destructive disease outbreaks since decades. The increasing human population and anthropogenic activities have impacted the environment and have direct linkages with the current and other recent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Despite having a difference in their origin, major reasons behind the emergence and spread of zoonotic pandemics are related to activities such as habitat fragmentation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, uncontrolled urbanization, pollution, climate change and bushmeat hunting and trading. It is important to focus on environmental and climatic factors that are involved in the emergence of such pandemics involving novel human pathogens and viruses in particular. Research and data analysis, particularly in relation to COVID-19, has shown that meteorological factors along with population density and living conditions (particularly in the urban and semi-urban areas) play a crucial role in the intensity, evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2. This particular virus is novel but coronaviruses have a long history and are known to cause disease outbreaks earlier as well. COVID-19 pandemic provides learning for the future, in particular the importance of environmental sustainability for controlling such outbreaks. A strategic plan can be developed involving policy-makers, organizations, and governments to control the onset and spread of the novel pathogens. This review-based study recommends that prevention of COVID-19 like pandemics from re-occurring is through tackling the issues related to the environment by controlling anthropogenic activities. It will also be important to track the lineage and future evolution course of such human pathogens so as to determine the nexus of environmental and biological factors in the development and spread of novel strains.

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Section: Environmental Issues and The Emergence Of Pandemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic

Mishra

Arora

2021

Environmental Sustainability

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“…For SARS-CoV the restriction of S protein-mediated entry by IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 could be demonstrated in a functional in vitro study [10] . The sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS–CoV is 82 % [11] . Because SARS-CoV-2 also enters the cells using the S protein, which binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), it is hypothesized that IFITM3 may as well play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of IFITM3 polymorphisms on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background and aims The interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays an important role in the adaptive and innate immune response by inhibiting viral membrane hemifusion between the host and viral cell cytoplasm. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene IFITM3 have been associated with susceptibility and severity of influenza or other viral infections. We aimed to analyze the role of SNPs in the gene IFITM3 in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We performed genotyping of the SNPs rs12252 and rs34481144 in the gene IFITM3 in 239 SARS–CoV–2–positive and 253 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. We analyzed the association of the SNPs with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19. Results SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients did not differ regarding demographics. Neither IFITM3 rs12252 nor rs34481144 polymorphisms were related to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or severity of COVID-19. Interestingly, we observed the putative deleterious rs12252 CC genotype only in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (N = 2). Also, we found a non-significant higher frequency of rs34481144 A-allele carriers in the patients with 'serious' COVID-19. Conclusions In summary, we could not confirm the recently reported influence of polymorphisms in the gene IFITM3 on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or severity of COVID-19 in a German cohort. Additional studies are needed to clarify the influence of the rs12252 CC genotype on SARS–CoV–2 infection risk and the rs34481144 A-allele on course of COVID-19.

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“…Moreover, similarity between RdRp and 3CLPro proteins has been reported. ORF8 and ORF10 show no homology with that of SARS-CoV strain ( Kaur et al, 2020 ). Till now, no confirmed animal reservoir has been identified, although pangolins are claimed to be natural reservoirs due to the high similarity of the spike region between human SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV ( Andersen et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: General Scenario In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives About Modulating Host Immune System in Targeting SARS-CoV-2 in India

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus induced disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a type of common cold virus responsible for a global pandemic which requires immediate measures for its containment. India has the world’s largest population aged between 10 and 40 years. At the same time, India has a large number of individuals with diabetes, hypertension and kidney diseases, who are at a high risk of developing COVID-19. A vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2, may offer immediate protection from the causative agent of COVID-19, however, the protective memory may be short-lived. Even if vaccination is broadly successful in the world, India has a large and diverse population with over one-third being below the poverty line. Therefore, the success of a vaccine, even when one becomes available, is uncertain, making it necessary to focus on alternate approaches of tackling the disease. In this review, we discuss the differences in COVID-19 death/infection ratio between urban and rural India; and the probable role of the immune system, co-morbidities and associated nutritional status in dictating the death rate of COVID-19 patients in rural and urban India. Also, we focus on strategies for developing masks, vaccines, diagnostics and the role of drugs targeting host-virus protein-protein interactions in enhancing host immunity. We also discuss India’s strengths including the resources of medicinal plants, good food habits and the role of information technology in combating COVID-19. We focus on the Government of India’s measures and strategies for creating awareness in the containment of COVID-19 infection across the country.

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Genetic comparison among various coronavirus strains for the identification of potential vaccine targets of SARS-CoV2

Cited by 94 publications

References 156 publications

Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic

Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic

The influence of IFITM3 polymorphisms on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19

Perspectives About Modulating Host Immune System in Targeting SARS-CoV-2 in India

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