Genetic differences between two sympatric morphs of Arctic charr confirmed by microsatellite DNA

Westgaard, Jon‐Ivar; Klemetsen, Anders; Knudsen, Rune

doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00524.x

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We used the primers Smm_22 and Smm_24, which were isolated and characterized from other salmonid species by Crane et al (2004). We chose these primers based on a previous study from the same population, which demonstrated high polymorphism at these loci ( Table 1 in Westgaard et al, 2004). This analysis of the 32 parents gave 16 and 13 different alleles at Smm_22 and Smm_24, respectively, whereas the numbers of different alleles counted in males only were 15 and 12 at the two loci, respectively.…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer

et al. 2015

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Citation:Egeland TB, Rudolfsen G, Nordeide JT and Folstad I (2015) On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer. Front. Ecol. Evol. 3:77. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00077 On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer How much of a fitness benefit is obtained by dominant males of external fertilizers from releasing ejaculates in synchrony with female egg-release when engaging in sperm competition, and what is the most important sperm trait for paternity in these situations? The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is an external fertilizer experiencing intense male-male competition over reproductive opportunities including sperm competition. To compensate for their disadvantage the sneaker males, which often spawn out of synchrony with the female, produce more and faster sperm than the guarding males. We used controlled in vitro fertilization trials with experimentally produced dominant and subordinate, sneaker males to test what effect relative synchrony in gamete release, sperm quality (i.e., motility and velocity) and sperm quantity have on a male's fertilization success in pair-wise sperm competitions. When the sneaker males released ejaculates after the guarding male there was no overall difference in fertilization success. The quality (i.e., motility and velocity) of a male's sperm relative to that of the competing male was the best predictor of male fertilization success regardless of their mating tactic and spawning synchrony. The relative number of sperm cells also had an effect on fertilization success, but mainly when the dominant and sneaker male ejaculated synchronously. Our close imitation of natural sperm competition in charr shows that the sneaker males of external fertilizing species may fully compensate for their disadvantaged mating role by producing ejaculates of higher quality-an adjustment strangely not met by dominants.

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Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer

et al. 2015

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“…Kahilainen and Østbye 2006;Knudsen et al 2006;Vonlanthen et al 2009;Siwertsson et al 2013b) and along the pelagic zone (Helland et al 2008;Ohlberger et al 2008a, b) with clear thermal differences between the preferred habitats in the wild. Deepwater morphs of postglacial fishes may differ genetically from their sympatric upper-water morphs (Westgaard et al 2004;Praebel et al 2013) and may display inherited deep-water adaptations (i.e. behaviour and morphology) related to resource acquisition (Klemetsen et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent growth patterns between juveniles of two sympatric Arctic charr morphs with contrasting depth gradient niche preferences

et al. 2015

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Seasonal growth patterns have been investigated in juveniles of two reproductively isolated Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpinus (L.)] morphs, which coexist in distinct ecological niches (upper-water and deep-water environments) in a subarctic lake. Offspring (F1-generation) of each of the littoral spawning charr (LO) and the profundal spawning charr (PB) were reared individually over a period of 12 months under simulated natural photoperiod (at 69°N) and two different temperature regimes to mimic the profundal zone conditions with constantly low temperature (*4°C) and the littoral zone conditions with seasonally cycling temperatures. All charr increased in weight during the experimental period. The LO-morph performed generally best at naturally fluctuating temperature, whereas the PB-morph grew best at a constantly low temperature (4°C). The LO-morph showed a typical seasonal growth pattern found earlier for anadromous Arctic charr, with elevated specific growth rates (SGR) during June-October and profoundly reduced or negative SGR-values during November-February suggesting that the fish ceased feeding during this period. In contrast, the PB-morph maintained a steady growth rate, regardless of temperature regime, and showed less signs of reduced appetite during the polar night period and exhibited significantly higher SGR-values during late autumn and early winter compared to the LO-morph. This study suggests different heritable adaptations in somatic growth trajectories where the deep-water PB-morph do not show a down-regulation of appetite and voluntary fasting during winter conditions with typically low light intensity and low temperatures, and up-regulation of appetite with hyperphagia during summer, as characteristically found for the upperwater LO-morph and anadromous Arctic charr.

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“…November 25 to January 15) of polar night at this latitude. The study lake harbours two different morphs of Arctic charr, one littoral spawning morph (L-morph) and one profundal spawning, dwarf-like morph (P-morph) that differ distinctly in their ecology, morphology and genetics (Klemetsen et al 1997(Klemetsen et al , 2002Westgaard et al 2004;Knudsen et al 2006Knudsen et al , 2007Amundsen et al 2008). The L-morph charr resemble the Arctic charr populations found in other lakes in the region (Klemetsen et al 1997;Knudsen et al 2006), whereas the dwarfed P-morph charr appear to be confined to a rare and untypical ecological niche for the species, residing their whole life in the profundal zone and feeding on typical profundal prey from the soft-bottom sediments (Klemetsen et al 1997(Klemetsen et al , 2002(Klemetsen et al , 2003aKnudsen et al 2006;Amundsen et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter ecology of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a subarctic lake, Norway

2009

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We studied habitat choice, diet, food consumption and somatic growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) during the ice-covered winter period of a subarctic lake in northern Norway. Both Arctic charr and brown trout predominantly used the littoral zone during winter time. Despite very cold winter conditions (water temperature \1°C) and poor light conditions, both fish species fed continuously during the ice-covered period, although at a much lower rate than during the summer season. No somatic growth could be detected during the ice-covered winter period and the condition factor of both species significantly declined, suggesting that the winter feeding rates were similar to or below the maintenance requirements. Also, the species richness and diversity of ingested prey largely decreased from summer to winter for both fish species. The winter diet of Arctic charr \20 cm was dominated by benthic insect larvae, chironomids in particular, and Gammarus lacustris, but zooplankton was also important in December. G. lacustris was the dominant prey of charr [20 cm. The winter diet of brown trout \20 cm was dominated by insect larvae, whereas large-sized trout mainly was piscivorous, feeding on juvenile Arctic charr. Piscivorous feeding behaviour of trout was in contrast rarely seen during the summer months when their encounter with potential fish prey was rare as the small-sized charr mainly inhabited the profundal. The study demonstrated large differences in the ecology and interactions of Arctic charr and brown trout between the winter and summer seasons.

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Genetic differences between two sympatric morphs of Arctic charr confirmed by microsatellite DNA

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer

On the relative effect of spawning asynchrony, sperm quantity, and sperm quality on paternity under sperm competition in an external fertilizer

Divergent growth patterns between juveniles of two sympatric Arctic charr morphs with contrasting depth gradient niche preferences

Winter ecology of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a subarctic lake, Norway

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