Genetic dissection of consolidated memory in Drosophila

Tully, Tim; Préat, Thomas; Boynton, S; Vecchio, Maria Del

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90398-0

Cited by 861 publications

(1,099 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Similar to previous studies 8,29 , 1-d memory was reduced by 50% in normal flies kept at 29 1C for 3 d and fed cycloheximide (CXM) overnight before spaced training (left, Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Protein Synthesis-dependent Ltm Is Specifically Abolishedsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The latter conclusion was further confirmed by assessing 3-h memory after one session of training, which can be broken down into an anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and ARM 8 . Knockdown of dNR2 (Fig.…”

Section: Nmdars In the Mushroom Body Are Not Required For Ltmmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…6l) via the OK107 mushroom body GAL4 driver similarly disrupted 3-h memory after one session of training. In contrast, 3-h memory was normal in these same transgenic flies when subjected to a 2-min cold shock 2 h after training, which provides a direct measure of ARM 8 . Similar effects were also observed when UAS-dsNR1 was targeted to the mushroom body with two additional mushroom body GAL4 drivers, C739 and 201Y ( Supplementary Figs.…”

Section: Nmdars In the Mushroom Body Are Not Required For Ltmmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Memory formation in flies thereafter proceeds through several temporal phases and involves multiple biochemical cascades, which is again similar to findings from other animal models [4][5][6] . In particular, spaced training produces stronger, longer-lasting memory than massed training, which is a common property of memory formation 7,8 . Contrary to the fact that memory storage involves multiple anatomical regions in other animal models 9 , olfactory memory has been proposed to be stored predominantly in the mushroom body neurons 5,10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Specific requirement of NMDA receptors for long-term memory consolidation in Drosophila ellipsoid body

et al. 2007

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In humans and many other animals, memory consolidation occurs through multiple temporal phases and usually involves more than one neuroanatomical brain system. Genetic dissection of Pavlovian olfactory learning in Drosophila melanogaster has revealed multiple memory phases, but the predominant view holds that all memory phases occur in mushroom body neurons. Here, we demonstrate an acute requirement for NMDA receptors (NMDARs) outside of the mushroom body during long-term memory (LTM) consolidation. Targeted dsRNA-mediated silencing of Nmdar1 and Nmdar2 (also known as dNR1 or dNR2, respectively) in cholinergic R4m-subtype large-field neurons of the ellipsoid body specifically disrupted LTM consolidation, but not retrieval. Similar silencing of functional NMDARs in the mushroom body disrupted an earlier memory phase, leaving LTM intact. Our results clearly establish an anatomical site outside of the mushroom body involved with LTM consolidation, thus revealing both a distributed brain system subserving olfactory memory formation and the existence of a system-level memory consolidation in Drosophila.Pavlovian olfactory learning in Drosophila creates an elemental associative memory in a simple, accessible insect brain. This form of behavioral plasticity requires the normal function of NMDARs 1 , as is the case in other invertebrate and vertebrate species 2,3 . Memory formation in flies thereafter proceeds through several temporal phases and involves multiple biochemical cascades, which is again similar to findings from other animal models 4-6 . In particular, spaced training produces stronger, longer-lasting memory than massed training, which is a common property of memory formation 7,8 . Contrary to the fact that memory storage involves multiple anatomical regions in other animal models 9 , olfactory memory has been proposed to be stored predominantly in the mushroom body neurons 5,10 .The mushroom body is a prominent neuropillar structure in the insect central brain. Intrinsic mushroom body cells send neurites ventrally into the calyx, a region of dendritic arborization that is innervated by efferents from several different regions, including projection neurons from the antennal lobes 11 . Mushroom body axons project rostrally as a densely packed and stalk-like structure called the pedunculus to the anterior face of the brain, where they split and give rise to the dorsally projecting a and a¢ lobes and the medially projecting b, b¢ and g lobes 12 . Output neurons from the mushroom body project to many parts of the central brain. Another prominent neuropil is the central complex, which consists of four substructures, the ellipsoid body, the fan-shaped body, the nodulii and the protocerebral bridge. The central complex lies in the central brain between the pedunculi of the mushroom body and is bounded laterally by the two antennoglomerular tracts, dorsally by the pars intercerebralis, ventrally by the esophagus and the great commissure and frontally by the median bundle and the b-lobes of the mushroom bodies fronta...

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“…Similar to previous studies 8,29 , 1-d memory was reduced by 50% in normal flies kept at 29 1C for 3 d and fed cycloheximide (CXM) overnight before spaced training (left, Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Protein Synthesis-dependent Ltm Is Specifically Abolishedsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Nmdars In the Mushroom Body Are Not Required For Ltmmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Nmdars In the Mushroom Body Are Not Required For Ltmmentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific requirement of NMDA receptors for long-term memory consolidation in Drosophila ellipsoid body

et al. 2007

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“…considerable behavioral complexity, and accessibility to genetic manipulation (Vosshall, 2007). A behavioral assay of Pavlovian olfactory aversive conditioning is extensively used to determine the associative memory ability in fruit flies (Tully et al, 1994). In this assay, fruit flies are sequentially exposed to two odorants, one of which but not the other is paired with electric foot shock.…”

Section: Fruit Flies Learn and Forgetmentioning

confidence: 99%