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This article provides an overview of the origin, genetic diversity and methods and trends in breeding of selected ornamental geophytes (Lilium, Tulipa, Narcissus and Hippeastrum). The role of interspecific hybridisation and polyploidisation in assortment development is reviewed. A great variety of cultivars with traits of interest have been generated over the last century by using classical breeding. Geophyte breeders have been interested in a diversity of traits, including resistance to diseases, flower colour and shape, long lasting flowering and a long vase life. Shortening the long breeding process of many geophytes by reducing the juvenile phase and using in vitro techniques are reviewed. Currently, the breeding process has been enhanced by using modern molecular cytogenetic techniques. Genomic in situ hybridisation is frequently used, among other techniques, for genome differentiation in interspecific hybrids, and for assessment of the extent of intergenomic recombination in backcross progenies. Furthermore, several molecular marker techniques are used for verification of hybrid status, identification of genetic diversity, confirmation of the genetic fidelity of in vitro propagated plants and construction of high-density linkage maps. Recently, a myriad of new plant breeding technologies, such as cisgenetics and genome editing technologies have been used to improve the traits of ornamental geophytes, an endeavour that is discussed here. Breeding trends, cultivar novelties as well a new cultivars registered by international authorities during the last five years are presented in detail.
This article provides an overview of the origin, genetic diversity and methods and trends in breeding of selected ornamental geophytes (Lilium, Tulipa, Narcissus and Hippeastrum). The role of interspecific hybridisation and polyploidisation in assortment development is reviewed. A great variety of cultivars with traits of interest have been generated over the last century by using classical breeding. Geophyte breeders have been interested in a diversity of traits, including resistance to diseases, flower colour and shape, long lasting flowering and a long vase life. Shortening the long breeding process of many geophytes by reducing the juvenile phase and using in vitro techniques are reviewed. Currently, the breeding process has been enhanced by using modern molecular cytogenetic techniques. Genomic in situ hybridisation is frequently used, among other techniques, for genome differentiation in interspecific hybrids, and for assessment of the extent of intergenomic recombination in backcross progenies. Furthermore, several molecular marker techniques are used for verification of hybrid status, identification of genetic diversity, confirmation of the genetic fidelity of in vitro propagated plants and construction of high-density linkage maps. Recently, a myriad of new plant breeding technologies, such as cisgenetics and genome editing technologies have been used to improve the traits of ornamental geophytes, an endeavour that is discussed here. Breeding trends, cultivar novelties as well a new cultivars registered by international authorities during the last five years are presented in detail.
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