Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

Campos, Leila Carvalho; Zahner, Viviane; Avelar, Kátia Eliane Santos; Alves, Ronaldo Mendes; Pereira, Daniel S.; Brazil, J. M. Vital; Freitas, Fernanda; Salles, C. A.; Karaolis, David K.R.

doi:10.1017/s0950268804002705

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the qacEΔ1 and sulI genes, which define the 3'CS, were present. This result contrasts with a previous work that was unable to show class 1 integrons in V. cholerae O1 strains from the Brazilian cholera epidemic (Campos et al 2004).…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and composition of class 1 and class 2 integrons in clinical and environmental O1 and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains from the Brazilian Amazon

Sá

Fonseca

Pellegrini

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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contrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and composition of class 1 and class 2 integrons in clinical and environmental O1 and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains from the Brazilian Amazon

Sá

Fonseca

Pellegrini

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…isolated from the Chesapeake Bay (36), the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates in this study showed lower levels of resistance to ampicillin and penicillin (9 to 20%) than those of V. parahaemolyticus (53 to 68%) and showed intermediate resistance to streptomycin compared to V. vulnificus (36). Penicillin resistance, almost ubiquitous in both clinical and environmental V. cholerae isolates worldwide (23,25), is likely associated with mutations of penicillin binding proteins 1 and/or 2, as observed for several sequenced V. cholerae strains (i.e., N16961, MJ-1236, and MO10). Ampicillin resistance has been reported for clinical non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Maryland as early as 1984 (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The intensive use of antibiotics in medicine and in animal farming has been suggested to be the source of such resistance (34,35), and V. cholerae strains isolated from seawater have been shown to be antibiotic resistant (23,24). The data presented here provide the first report of antimicrobial susceptibility for non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae from the Chesapeake Bay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This composite aquatic environment makes the Chesapeake Bay a potential bioreactor for genetic exchange among bacteria subjected to antibiotic treatment (agricultural operations, poultry farms, and isolates of human origin) and autochthonous microorganisms, enhancing the spread of drug resistance in aquatic environments. V. cholerae isolated from seawater has been shown to be antibiotic resistant worldwide (23)(24)(25), but no information is available about V. cholerae populations of the Chesapeake Bay.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Carrying Multiple Virulence Factors and V. cholerae O1 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland

Ceccarelli

Chen

Hasan

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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f Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae inhabits estuarine and coastal waters globally, but its clinical significance has not been sufficiently investigated, despite the fact that it has been associated with septicemia and gastroenteritis. The emergence of virulent non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is consistent with the recognition of new pathogenic variants worldwide. Oyster, sediment, and water samples were collected during a vibrio surveillance program carried out from 2009 to 2012 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. V. cholerae O1 was detected by a direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay but was not successfully cultured, whereas 395 isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae were confirmed by multiplex PCR and serology. Only a few of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were resistant to ampicillin and/or penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, and 77 to 90% carried the El Tor variant hemolysin gene hlyA ET , the actin cross-linking repeats in toxin gene rtxA, the hemagglutinin protease gene hap, and the type 6 secretion system. About 19 to 21% of the isolates carried the neuraminidase-encoding gene nanH and/or the heat-stable toxin (NAG-ST), and only 5% contained a type 3 secretion system. None of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates contained Vibrio pathogenicity island-associated genes. However, ctxA, ace, or zot was present in nine isolates. Fifty-five different genotypes showed up to 12 virulence factors, independent of the source of isolation, and represent the first report of both antibiotic susceptibility and virulence associated with non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae from the Chesapeake Bay. Since these results confirm the presence of potentially pathogenic non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, monitoring for total V. cholerae, regardless of serotype, should be done within the context of public health. Vibrio cholerae, a waterborne bacterial pathogen, is an autochthonous inhabitant of riverine and estuarine aquatic environments. There are Ͼ200 serogroups, based on O antigenic characters, but only serogroups O1 and O139 have been associated with epidemic cholera, and both are considered a major public health threat for developing countries (1).Developed countries today rarely witness cholera cases caused by epidemic strains of V. cholerae, and outbreaks are typically travel associated (2). However, infections other than cholera can be caused by nonepidemic V. cholerae serogroups that are collectively referred to as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and are generally acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infections are continuously reported worldwide (3, 4), emphasizing their clinical significance. Although non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains generally do not produce cholera toxin, other virulence factors contribute to their pathogenicity, including the hemolysin gene hlyA (5), the protease gene hapA (6), the cytotoxic actin cross-linking repeats in toxin gene rtxA (7), the sialidase gene nanH (8), the heat-stable toxin (NAG-ST) (9), a type 6...

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“…The more frequently used techniques involve multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies [ 16 – 20 ]. An old method of differentiation concerns phenotyping as enzyme profiles of bacterial strains [ 37 – 40 ]. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) could be compared to the analysis of antibiotic zones of inhibition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at the drug-resistance investigation of uropathogenic E. coli strains

et al. 2017

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Bacterial drug resistance and uropathogenic tract infections are among the most important issues of current medicine. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains are the primary factor of this issue. This article is the continuation of the previous study, where we used Kohonen relations to predict the direction of drug resistance. The characterized collection of uropathogenic E. coli strains was used for microbiological (the disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing), chemical (ATR/FT-IR) and mathematical (artificial neural networks, Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, the analysis of distributions of inhibition zone diameters for antibiotics, Cohen’s kappa measure of agreement) analysis. This study presents other potential tools for the epidemiological differentiation of E. coli strains. It is noteworthy that ATR/FT-IR technique has turned out to be useful for the quick and simple identification of MDR strains. Also, diameter zones of resistance of this E. coli population were compared to the population of E. coli strains published by EUCAST. We observed the bacterial behaviors toward particular antibiotics in comparison to EUCAST bacterial collections. Additionally, we used Cohen’s kappa to show which antibiotics from the same class are closely related to each other and which are not. The presented associations between antibiotics may be helpful in selecting the proper therapy directions. Here we present an adaptation of interdisciplinary studies of drug resistance of E. coli strains for epidemiological and clinical investigations. The obtained results may be some indication in deciding on antibiotic therapy.

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Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Occurrence and composition of class 1 and class 2 integrons in clinical and environmental O1 and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains from the Brazilian Amazon

Occurrence and composition of class 1 and class 2 integrons in clinical and environmental O1 and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains from the Brazilian Amazon

Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Carrying Multiple Virulence Factors and V. cholerae O1 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland

A new look at the drug-resistance investigation of uropathogenic E. coli strains

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