Genetic Diversity and Mating Type Distribution of <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> on Banana in Uganda and Tanzania

Kimunye, Janet; Muzhinji, Norman; Mostert, Diane; Viljoen, Altus; Merwe, Aletta E. Bester‐van der; Mahuku, George

doi:10.1094/phyto-04-20-0138-r

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, in the current study they were not resistant to P. fijiensis. These contrasting observations could be attributed to the high genetic diversity and emergence of new and highly virulent pathotypes arising from frequent sexual reproduction documented in P. fijiensis isolates from Uganda (Kimunye et al, 2021). Additional studies to characterize the virulence of P. fijiensis population are recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka in banana

et al. 2021

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Bananas are perennial monocot herbs belonging to the genus Musa, family Musaceae and order Zingiberales (Simmonds & Shepherd, 1955). The genus Musa comprises five sections that are divided into 40 species. Eumusa is the largest and best characterized section and includes two seeded species, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana, which are the ancestors to most edible banana cultivars (Simmonds & Shepherd, 1955). Some varieties are also believed to have arisen from the hybridization of M. schizocarpa (S genome) with either M. acuminata or M. balbisiana. Recent studies revealed evidence of diversification within wild M. acuminata subspecies and intraspecific hybridization within the M. acuminata subspecies malaccensis and burmannica (Rouard et al., 2018). Southeast Asia and Indochina are the centres of diversity for banana and the region where bananas originated.Banana is an important crop in the tropics and subtropics, and is a major staple and source of income to millions of people (FAOSTAT, 2016). Despite their importance, yields in small-scale production systems are often low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the most destructive biotic stresses of banana is black Sigatoka, a fungal leaf disease caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Churchill, 2011).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka in banana

et al. 2021

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“…Kawanda, where the Ugandan banana breeding program is based, showed a high discriminative ability but was not representative of all mega-environments. Although this site cannot be used to select the best black Sigatoka-resistant genotypes, it can still be used to discard highly susceptible genotypes [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype X Environment Response of ‘Matooke’ Hybrids (Naritas) to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the Cause of Black Sigatoka in Banana

Kimunye

Jomanga

Tazuba³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Growing bananas resistant to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka, is the preferred disease control strategy for resource-poor farmers. Banana breeding programs in east Africa have developed 27 Matooke hybrids (commonly known as NARITAs) with higher yields than local landraces. To assess the response of NARITA hybrids to P. fijiensis, 22 hybrids were evaluated under natural field conditions in four locations—Kawanda and Mbarara in Uganda, and Maruku, and Mitarula in Tanzania—between 2016 and 2018 for three crop cycles. Black Sigatoka was visually assessed and the area under the disease progress curve calculated for each plant over time. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between genotypes, environments, and their interaction. The highest contributor to black Sigatoka severity (39.1%) was the environment, followed by the genotype (37.5%) and the genotype Χ environment interaction (GEI) (23.4%). NARITA 2, 7, 14, 21 and 23 were resistant and the most stable hybrids across locations. If other attributes such as the yield and taste are acceptable to end-users, these hybrids can be released to farmers in the region to replace highly susceptible landraces. Mitarula was identified as an ideal site for evaluating banana against black Sigatoka and should be used as a representative location to minimize costs of disease evaluations.

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Population Genetic Characteristics and Mating Type Frequency of Venturia effusa from Pecan in South America

Bock

Frusso²,

Zoppolo

et al. 2022

Phytopathology®

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Scab, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Venturia effusa, is a major disease of pecan in South America, resulting in loss of quantity and quality of nut yield. Characteristics of the populations of V. effusa in South America are unknown. We used microsatellites to describe the genetic diversity and population structure of V. effusa in South America, and determined the mating type status of the pathogen. The four hierarchically sampled orchard populations from Argentina (AR), Brazil (BRC and BRS) and Uruguay (UR) had moderate to high genotypic and gene diversity. There was evidence of population differentiation (Fst = 0.196), but the correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance was not statistically significant. Genetic differentiation was minimal between the UR, BRC and BRS populations, and these populations were more clearly differentiated from the AR population. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types occurred in all four orchards, their frequencies did not deviate from the 1:1 ratio expected under random mating, but multilocus linkage equilibrium was rejected in three of the four populations. The population genetics of South America populations of V. effusa has many similarities to the population genetics of V. effusa previously described in the U.S.A. Characterizing the populations genetics and reproductive systems of V. effusa are important to establish the evolutionary potential of the pathogen, and thus its adaptability – and can provide a basis for informed approaches to utilizing available host resistance and determining phytosanitary needs.

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Genetic Diversity and Mating Type Distribution of Pseudocercospora fijiensis on Banana in Uganda and Tanzania

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka in banana

Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka in banana

Genotype X Environment Response of ‘Matooke’ Hybrids (Naritas) to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the Cause of Black Sigatoka in Banana

Population Genetic Characteristics and Mating Type Frequency of Venturia effusa from Pecan in South America

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