Genetic diversity and phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium

Rindi, Laura; Garzelli, Carlo

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.007

Cited by 92 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…8,9 Mycobacteria have high genetic diversity, even within species, 31 and varying virulence could be part of this diversity. Tatano and colleagues 32 compared in vitro virulence of five strains of M avium isolates from patients with NB with fi ve strains isolated from patients with cavitary PNTM, a form of disease associated with higher mortality, 33 to determine whether diff erences in virulence correlated with diff erent patterns of disease.…”

Section: Iatrogenic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Disease Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

McShane

Glassroth

2015

Chest

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Section: Iatrogenic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Disease Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

McShane

Glassroth

2015

Chest

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“…M. avium subsp. hominissuis and M. intracellulare are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment and can cause disseminated tuberculosis and pulmonary disease in a range of mammalian hosts, including pigs, cattle, and human beings (22). From a human perspective, M. avium subsp.…”

Section: The Mycobacterium Avium Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Functional Genomics and the Bovine Macrophage Response to Strains of the Mycobacterium Genus

et al. 2014

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Mycobacterial infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in cattle and are also potential zoonotic agents with implications for human health. Despite the implementation of comprehensive animal surveillance programs, many mycobacterial diseases have remained recalcitrant to eradication in several industrialized countries. Two major mycobacterial pathogens of cattle are Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and Johne’s disease (JD), respectively. BTB is a chronic, granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract that is spread via aerosol transmission, while JD is a chronic granulomatous disease of the intestines that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Although these diseases exhibit differential tissue tropism and distinct complex etiologies, both M. bovis and MAP infect, reside, and replicate in host macrophages – the key host innate immune cell that encounters mycobacterial pathogens after initial exposure and mediates the subsequent immune response. The persistence of M. bovis and MAP in macrophages relies on a diverse series of immunomodulatory mechanisms, including the inhibition of phagosome maturation and apoptosis, generation of cytokine-induced necrosis enabling dissemination of infection through the host, local pathology, and ultimately shedding of the pathogen. Here, we review the bovine macrophage response to infection with M. bovis and MAP. In particular, we describe how recent advances in functional genomics are shedding light on the host macrophage–pathogen interactions that underlie different mycobacterial diseases. To illustrate this, we present new analyses of previously published bovine macrophage transcriptomics data following in vitro infection with virulent M. bovis, the attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis BCG, and MAP, and discuss our findings with respect to the differing etiologies of BTB and JD.

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“…In immunocompetent patients MAH causes, although rarely, pulmonary infections and cervical lymphadenitis, typically in children, and, occasionally, soft tissue infections [31,33]. MAH caused disseminated infections in a high proportion (25-50%) of severely immunocompromised AIDS patients [34][35].…”

Section: Mac and Infection In Humans And Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

Polaček

Aleksić-Kovačević

2016

Acta Veterinaria

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Although Mycobacterium avium subspecies are generally not considered food pathogens, the infections caused by these particular nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can represent a serious threat to immunocompromised population. Additionally, infections with a member of Mycobacterium Avium Compex (MAC) can affect the effi ciency of BCG vaccines used for the humans. In infected animals, M. avium may be present in different tissues without apparent clinical symptoms and macroscopic lesions. Veterinary meat inspection would then fail to recognize infected animals and such meat and meat products thereof could enter the human diet. The aim of this paper is also to analyze the current control policy in Europe according to infections of pigs with the members of MAC, and point out the risks for public health. By analyzing a large number of meat samples and other dietary nutrients, different groups of authors have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in the everyday environment. Therefore, food as a source of infection with mycobacteria should not be ignored. The control of mycobacteria requires a better diagnostic approach, having in mind recent positive cases of M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) in an increasing number of exported pigs from EU countries to Serbia. The introduction of reliable diagnostic methods for MAH could result in decreasing the occurrence of infection in pigs, as well as in humans, having in mind that WHO reported 10 million new cases of tuberculosis-mycobacteriosis in the human population in 2015 with 21% of these cases occurring in immunocompromised individuals and children.

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Genetic diversity and phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium

Cited by 92 publications

References 90 publications

Pulmonary Disease Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Pulmonary Disease Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Comparative Functional Genomics and the Bovine Macrophage Response to Strains of the Mycobacterium Genus

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

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