Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Anatolian Kara Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Germplasm Using Simple Sequence Repeats

Abstract

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is among the most important commercial fruit species grown worldwide in terms of its economic value. Anatolia (Turkey), located in the favorable climate zone for viticulture, has a rich grape genetic potential due to its location at the intersection of the grapevine gene centers. In Turkish Kara grape germplasm, there are problems in terms of accuracy during the production phase due to the inadequacies in ampelographic definitions, and also very little information is available on genetic analysis of Kara grape germplasm. This study carried out genetic analysis of 49 Kara grape cultivars from six regions (sub-populations) of Turkey and 3 reference cultivars using 22 microsatellite loci (SSR), and ampelographic analysis were also performed concerning 39 OIV descriptors. In the SSR analysis, the average number of alleles per locus was 8.91, ranging from 4 to 13; four synonymous and five homonymous cases were also identified. In the population structure analysis, the genetic differentiation (Fst) values among six populations were moderate. In the BAPS analysis, all populations except Central Anatolia were found to be highly admixed with each other, and in the FCA analysis, the East Anatolia population was completely separated. In the multilocus lineages (MLLs) analysis, a total of three accessions were matched to different accessions as clone assignment. In this study, SSR-based genetic characterization of the Turkish Kara grape germplasm was revealed for the first time, and it is thought that the obtained data will help other grape genetic characterization studies and contribute to viticulture research in other areas such as breeding, protection and variety registration.

Characterisation and Identification of Vines from Fuerteventura (Canary Volcanic Archipelago (Spain)) Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

“…On the other hand, this study's accumulative IP reached the value of 7,5 × 10 −20 , 44.4% lower than the value obtained in the work on Andalusian varieties (1.7 × 10 −19 ) for 20 SSRs in both cases. With respect to the other works consulted [45][46][47][48][49][50][51], the values were always significantly lower (except for PI) and uneven, mainly due to the low number of samples analysed and not due to a loss of efficiency and efficacy of the SSRs used.…”

“…Before pointing out the statistical parameters that give confidence in the chosen SSRs, it should be borne in mind that the values found for each population depend on three conditioning factors: (a) the number of SSRs used, (b) the number of samples analysed and (c) the proximity of the population samples to be analysed, which is why it is difficult to compare with other authors [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. It should be noted that the sample under study is a population belonging to an almost desert island where viticulture has been lost over the years, which is why only 40 samples have been collected.…”

Study of Molecular Biodiversity and Population Structure of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera on the Volcanic Island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) by Using Microsatellite Markers

“…Obviously, this was because it was a group of islands with different and more numerous local varieties than a single island. The several studies carried out on the mainland [48][49][50], always give higher results due to the greater diversity of their samples. On the other hand, the mean Na value was not significantly different from studies on varieties from Turkey [48] and Croatia [49], but lower than studies on the Balearic and Canary Islands [6,16].…”

“…The several studies carried out on the mainland [48][49][50], always give higher results due to the greater diversity of their samples. On the other hand, the mean Na value was not significantly different from studies on varieties from Turkey [48] and Croatia [49], but lower than studies on the Balearic and Canary Islands [6,16]. The mean genetic diversity index, or He, was 0.737, within the range of most of the studies consulted and slightly higher than the one found in Lanzarote, as its population was more uniform [42].…”