Genetic diversity of 2006–2009 Chikungunya virus outbreaks in Andhra Pradesh, India, reveals complete absence of E1:A226V mutation

Kumar, Chandan; Sivaprasad, Y.; Gopal, D. V. R. Sai

doi:10.4149/av_2016_01_114

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The epidemics in India were initiated in 2005-2006 and were caused by either IOL E1-226A or 226V variants. However, later studies in 2007-2010 reported that IOL E1-226A, a wild-type or reverted strain, was the major strain in India [ 21 , 22 , 43 , 44 ]. The IOL E1-226V variant had been dominant in states such as Kerala where Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Sub-Lineage of Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype Indian Ocean Lineage Caused Sequential Outbreaks in Bangladesh and Thailand

Phadungsombat

Imad

Rahman

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In recent decades, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has become geographically widespread. In 2004, the CHIKV East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype moved from Africa to Indian ocean islands and India followed by a large epidemic in Southeast Asia. In 2013, the CHIKV Asian genotype drove an outbreak in the Americas. Since 2016, CHIKV has re-emerged in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. In the present study, CHIKVs were obtained from Bangladesh in 2017 and Thailand in 2019, and their nearly full genomes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the recent CHIKVs were of Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of genotype ECSA, similar to the previous outbreak. However, these CHIKVs were all clustered into a new distinct sub-lineage apart from the past IOL CHIKVs, and they lacked an alanine-to-valine substitution at position 226 of the E1 envelope glycoprotein, which enhances CHIKV replication in Aedes albopictus. Instead, all the re-emerged CHIKVs possessed mutations of lysine-to-glutamic acid at position 211 of E1 and valine-to-alanine at position 264 of E2. Molecular clock analysis suggested that the new sub-lineage CHIKV was introduced to Bangladesh around late 2015 and Thailand in early 2017. These results suggest that re-emerged CHIKVs have acquired different adaptations than the previous CHIKVs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Sub-Lineage of Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype Indian Ocean Lineage Caused Sequential Outbreaks in Bangladesh and Thailand

Phadungsombat

Imad

Rahman

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…40 Both variants were found circulating in the following years in the country, between 2007 and 2013. 41,42…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Outbreaks and Origins of a Chikungunya Virus Variant Carrying Mutations Which May Increase Fitness for Aedes aegypti: Revelations from the 2016 Mandera, Kenya Outbreak

Berry

Eyase

Pollett

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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. In 2016, a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak was reported in Mandera, Kenya. This was the first major CHIKV outbreak in the country since the global reemergence of this virus in Kenya in 2004. We collected samples and sequenced viral genomes from this outbreak. All Kenyan genomes contained two mutations, E1:K211E and E2:V264A, recently reported to have an association with increased infectivity, dissemination, and transmission in the Aedes aegypti vector. Phylogeographic inference of temporal and spatial virus relationships showed that this variant emerged within the East, Central, and South African lineage between 2005 and 2008, most probably in India. It was also in India where the first large outbreak caused by this virus appeared, in New Delhi, 2010. More importantly, our results also showed that this variant is no longer contained to India. We found it present in several major outbreaks, including the 2016 outbreaks in Pakistan and Kenya, and the 2017 outbreak in Bangladesh. Thus, this variant may have a capability of driving large CHIKV outbreaks in different regions of the world. Our results point to the importance of continued genomic-based surveillance and prompt urgent vector competence studies to assess the level of vector susceptibility and virus transmission, and the impact this might have on this variant’s epidemic potential and global spread.

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“…Due to the recent CHIKV geographic expansions, lineages or clades with different virulences or vector preferences have come to cocirculate. First, although the E1-A226V mutation has been selected in different IOL strains multiple times and has been rapidly distributed to many countries in South and Southeast Asia, in certain areas of India, such as Andhra Pradesh State, only strains with E1-226A were observed (56,57). The predominance of E1-226A versus E1-226V in different states parallels the abundance of A. aegypti and A. albopictus (58), indicating that vector preference plays an important role in IOL distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Genome Scale Phylogenetic Study Provides New Insights on the Global Expansion of Chikungunya Virus

Chen

Puri

Fedorova

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Since the India and Indian Ocean outbreaks of 2005 and 2006, the global distribution of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the locations of epidemics have dramatically shifted. First, the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) caused sustained epidemics in India and has radiated to many other countries. Second, the Asian lineage has caused frequent outbreaks in the Pacific islands and in 2013 was introduced into the Caribbean, followed by rapid spread to nearly all of the neotropics. Further, CHIKV epidemics, as well as exported cases, have been reported in central Africa after a long period of perceived silence. To understand these changes and to anticipate the future of the virus, the exact distribution, genetic diversity, transmission routes, and future epidemic potential of CHIKV require further assessment. To do so, we conducted the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis to date, examined CHIKV evolution and transmission, and explored distinct genetic factors associated with the emergence of the East/Central/ South African (ECSA) lineage, the IOL, and the Asian lineage. Our results reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns among the lineages, with growing genetic diversities observed in each, and suggest that CHIKV will continue to be a major public health threat with the potential for further emergence and spread. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya fever is a reemerging infectious disease that is transmitted by

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Genetic diversity of 2006–2009 Chikungunya virus outbreaks in Andhra Pradesh, India, reveals complete absence of E1:A226V mutation

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

A Novel Sub-Lineage of Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype Indian Ocean Lineage Caused Sequential Outbreaks in Bangladesh and Thailand

A Novel Sub-Lineage of Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype Indian Ocean Lineage Caused Sequential Outbreaks in Bangladesh and Thailand

Global Outbreaks and Origins of a Chikungunya Virus Variant Carrying Mutations Which May Increase Fitness for Aedes aegypti: Revelations from the 2016 Mandera, Kenya Outbreak

Comprehensive Genome Scale Phylogenetic Study Provides New Insights on the Global Expansion of Chikungunya Virus

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