Genetic diversity of ancient tea gardens and tableland tea gardens from Yunnan Province as revealed by AFLP marker

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among the plants of four ancient tea gardens and two tableland tea gardens form Yunnan Province, China by AFLP technique. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of the plants from six tea gardens was 92.31%. The genetic diversity within the six gardens demonstrated by Nei cents genetic diversity (He) was estimated to be 0.1366, while Shannon indices (Ho) were 0.2323. The percentage of polymorphic loci of the four ancient tea populations was 45.55% on average, with a range of 36.44% (Mengsong) to 59.11% (Mengla). But the percentages of polymorphic loci of the plants from two tableland gardens were 13.77% (Yunkang 10) and 24.2% (Menghai Daye), respectively. There was a great genetic difference between ancient tea gardens and tableland tea gardens. The genetic diversity among the plants of the ancient tea garden was higher than those of the sexual tableland tea garden and the clone tableland tea garden based on P valve. The four ancient tea gardens and two tableland gardens could be differentiated with AFLP markers. The results show that AFLP marker is an effective tool in the discrimination of tea germplasm, as well as sundried green tea.

Genetic diversity and domestication origin of tea plant Camellia taliensis(Theaceae) as revealed by microsatellite markers

“…However, human activities are the additional factors that have been impacting the genetic diversity of tea plants and the adverse effects of encroachment of humans are increasing continuously. Felling the wild trees of C. taliensis to collect leaves for producing the wild tea (Figure 1c) [24,26] and further deforestation to make way for farming, grazing and construction have caused persistent and serious damage to natural sources of this tea plant [43]. The lower genetic diversity and the higher F values in the wild populations may indicate the stronger genetic drift due to these causes (Table 2, Figure 5 and Additional file 2).…”

“…It suggested that improved cultivars of tea were valued for their higher quality. In the last dozen years, the domestication of wild C. taliensis was principally owing to the high price of wild tea that had been hyped with the cultural values and it was claimed to be produced without using pesticide and chemical fertilizers [24,26]. It is hard to believe that people were willing to abandon the improved landrace in their gardens but introduce the wild trees from the natural forests frequently during hundreds of years.…”

“…However, C. taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior, an important plant for use in producing tea, has only been recognized outside of its native areas for a few decades [22,23]. Several studies have investigated the genetic diversity of wild and planted trees of C. taliensis [24-26], and some have detected a reduction in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity during domestication [25,26]. But none of these studies has given more details on the domestication origin of this plant.…”

“…About a dozen years ago, due to the high price that ‘wild tea’ commanded in the local market, a large number of C. taliensis trees in the natural forest were cut down to collect leaves [24,26]. And the phenomena of directly domesticating wild C. taliensis trees by clearing out the other plants on a parcel of natural forest and keeping only specimens of C. taliensis (Figure 1d) or digging out the wild trees and planting them in gardens (Figure 1e) had been found locally.…”

Investigation SSR marker from Camellia sinensis growing in Thai Nguyen province

“…Genome chè đã được nghiên cứu bằng cách sử dụng các chỉ thị phân tử như chỉ thị DNA đa hình được khuếch ngẫu nhiên (RAPD-Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) (Li et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2005;Wachira et al, 2001); chỉ thị đa hình chiều dài các đoạn DNA được khuếch đại (AFLP, Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphism) (Ji et al, 2009;Mishra et al, 2009;Wachira et al, 2001); chỉ thị đa hình chiều dài các đoạn cắt giới hạn (Restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP) (Matsumoto et al, 1994); chỉ thị dựa vào đoạn DNA lặp lại đơn giản (single sequence repeat-SSR) (Ma et al, 2010;Sahu et al, 2012;Sharma et al, 2009;Taniguchi et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2007). Trong đó, SSR là những đoạn trình tự DNA được lặp lại liên tiếp với những nucleotide motif ngắn (1-6 bp).…”