Genetic Diversity of Enterovirus A71, India

Saxena, V K; Sane, Sudhir; Nadkarni, Sushma S.; Sharma, Deepa Kailash; Deshpande, Jagadish M.

doi:10.3201/eid2101.140743

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…With the new findings of Indian isolate as genogroup D [19], genogroup E from sub-Saharan Africa and F from Madagascar [21,22], and genogroup G from India [23], there are now seven genogroups ranging from A to G. The first EV-A71 isolated in the world was from California, USA. This strain was known as prototype BrCr-CA-70 strain and the only member of the genogroup A [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the emergence of genogroup D [19], E and F [21,22], and G [23] indicated wide genetic diversity of EV-A71 isolated from AFP cases in patients not presenting the typical HFMD. What is more worrying is the ability of EV-A71 to cause AFP on the eradication of polio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, sequencing of isolates that caused AFP from non-HFMD cases was very diverse and not clustered into these genogroups. EV-A71 isolated from AFP cases in India formed a new genogroup D [19], followed by [21], genogroup F from Madagascar [22], and genogroup G from India [23]. Therefore, so far, we have seven genogroups of EV-A71 instead of five as initially proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, with the discovery of an isolate from India [19], which caused AFP in patients, but not related or associated with any HFMD showed that this virus could circulate independently and not associated with HFMD outbreaks. Later, [20] in Iran, [21,22] in Central Africa Republic and Madagascar, and [23] in India had also reported EV-A71 in non-HFMD patients. All of these isolates were detected during the AFP surveillance in their national eradication program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis patients without symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease

2018

J App Biol Biotech

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Background: Human enterovirus A-71 (EV-A71) is one of the causative agents for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is also reported to cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) during HFMD outbreaks and very rare to isolate them from non-HFMD cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 2809 stool samples from AFP cases were cultured on RD and L20B cells. Positive on L20B was screened for poliovirus and those only positive on RD were subjected to non-polio EV (NPEV) screening by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis using VP1 and VP4 gene was constructed. Results: A total of 74 EVs were isolated, 61 were NPEV and 13 were poliovirus Sabin like. The NPEVs were identified as coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and EV-A71. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this EV-A71 belong to subgenogroup B5. Conclusions: The discovery of EV-A71 which caused AFP in patients but not related or associated with HFMD outbreaks showed that this virus could circulate independently. It should be investigated thoroughly as their ability to cause paralysis on the eradication of polio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis patients without symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease

2018

J App Biol Biotech

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“…Recent studies have proposed three new genogroups, including E (in sub-Saharan Africa), F (in Madagascar) [73] and G (in India) [74]. Other new subgenogroups proposed recently include C4a, C4b, C6, C7 and B6 [75,76].…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Non-polio Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Enteroviruses

Zhou

Sullivan

Iredell

et al. 2016

JHVRV

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Insight into the Enterovirus A71: A review

Kinobe

Wiyatno

Artika

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Enterovirus A71 is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease. It has become a global public health threat, and is especially important for infants and young children in the Asian‐Pacific countries. The enterovirus A71 is a non‐enveloped virus of the Picornaviridae family having a single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA genome of about 7.4 kb which encodes the structural and nonstructural proteins. Currently there are no US FDA‐approved vaccines or antiviral therapy available against enterovirus A71 infection. Although enterovirus A71 vaccines have been licenced in China, clinically approved vaccines for widespread vaccination programs are lacking. Substantial progress has recently been achieved on understanding the structure and function of enterovirus A71 proteins together with information on the viral genetic diversity and geographic distribution. The present review is intended to provide an overview on our current understanding of the molecular biology and epidemiology of enterovirus A71 which will aid the development of vaccines, therapeutics and other control strategies so as to bolster the preparedness for future enterovirus A71 outbreaks.

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Genetic Diversity of Enterovirus A71, India

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis patients without symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis patients without symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease

Molecular Analysis of Enteroviruses

Insight into the Enterovirus A71: A review

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