Genetic diversity of Hungarian canine distemper virus strains

Demeter, Zoltán; Lakatos, Béla; Palade, Elena Alina; Kozma, Tamás; Forgách, Petra; Rusvai, Miklós

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.02.001

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…This quantitative information allows discrimination of vaccine interference from infection with a wild-type strain of distemper virus as the amount of virus present during infection is typically exponentially more than would be detected because of recent vaccination There have been multiple gel-based PCR protocols designed to distinguish vaccine strains from wild-type strains. [2][3][4]6,15,20,22,24 Such tests are designed to take advantage of sequence differences between the vaccine strains and wildtype strains. Most of the tests amplify regions of the hemagglutinin (H) gene 4,6,15,24 or the matrix gene-fusion gene (M-F) intergenic region, 3,20 which have been discovered to be variable among CDV strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Canine distemper virus modified live vaccine shedding for differentiation from infection with wild-type strains

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Canine distemper virus (CDV) remains a common cause of infectious disease in dogs, particularly in highdensity housing situations such as shelters. Vaccination of all dogs against CDV is recommended at the time of admission to animal shelters and many use a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. From a diagnostic standpoint for dogs with suspected CDV infection, this is problematic because highly sensitive diagnostic real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests are able to detect MLV virus in clinical samples. Real-time PCR can be used to quantitate amount of virus shedding and can differentiate vaccine strains from wild-type strains when shedding is high. However, differentiation by quantitation is not possible in vaccinated animals during acute infection, when shedding is low and could be mistaken for low level vaccine virus shedding. While there are gel-based RT-PCR assays for differentiation of vaccine strains from field strains based on sequence differences, the sensitivity of these assays is unable to match that of the real-time RT-PCR assay currently used in the authors' laboratory. Therefore, a real-time RT-PCR assay was developed that detects CDV MLV vaccine strains and distinguishes them from wild-type strains based on nucleotide sequence differences, rather than the amount of viral RNA in the sample. The test is highly sensitive, with detection of as few as 5 virus genomic copies (corresponding to 10 −1 TCID 50 ). Sequencing of the DNA real-time products also allows phylogenetic differentiation of the wild-type strains. This test will aid diagnosis during outbreaks of CDV in recently vaccinated animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Canine distemper virus modified live vaccine shedding for differentiation from infection with wild-type strains

et al. 2014

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“…The hydrophobicity of and epitopes on the H proteins of XJ2 isolate and Onderstepoort strain the CDV wt strain (Mamaev et al, 1995;Haas et al, 1997;Hirama et al, 2004;Demeter et al, 2007). In this study, we successfully isolated CDV XJ2 from a dead dog and identified it by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some studies have indicated that the CDV wt strain continues to mutate to form different groups of genes (Harder et al, 1996;Iwatsuki et al, 1997;Hirama et al, 2004;Pardo et al, 2005;Uema et al, 2005;Demeter et al, 2007;Han et al, 2008). Uema et al, for example, found that CDV wt strains in Japan have 3 different genetic groups (Uema et al, 2005), but Martella et al (2006Martella et al ( , 2007 demonstrated that geographically different CDV epidemic strains could be divided into 5 genetic lineages: American-1, Europe, Asia-1, Asia-2, and Arctic (Martella et al, 2006(Martella et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uema et al, for example, found that CDV wt strains in Japan have 3 different genetic groups (Uema et al, 2005), but Martella et al (2006Martella et al ( , 2007 demonstrated that geographically different CDV epidemic strains could be divided into 5 genetic lineages: American-1, Europe, Asia-1, Asia-2, and Arctic (Martella et al, 2006(Martella et al, , 2007. In recent years, some studies have identified differences between many wt strains and the Onderstepoort vaccine strains throughout the world (Lan et al, 2005;Pardo et al, 2005;Demeter et al, 2007).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a new dog isolate of canine distemper virus from China

Qiao¹,

Meng²,

C³

et al. 2012

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Summary. -Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs. Vaccination is an effective way to protect dogs from CDV infection, but occasionally fails. In the present study, a wild type (wt) CDV, named XJ2, was isolated from a dead vaccinated dog. The hemagglutinin (H) gene of the XJ2 was amplified and analyzed for the molecular characteristics including N-glycosylation sites, phylogenesis, hydrophobicity and epitopes. The data indicated that XJ2 was a genetic variant strain of CDV. CDV-sero-negative dogs were inoculated intranasally with XJ2, developed severe clinical symptoms and died, suggesting high virulence.

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“…It is highly transmissible acute or sub-acute fevered infection that has been recognized since 1760 (1,2). Even if vaccination with attenuated virus against CDV has been permitted for the control of infection, this infection remains an important disease of dogs and epidemics of CD have been documented in many countries (3)(4)(5)(6). The high price of the vaccine, vaccine miscarriage, and absence of cautiousness about the significance of vaccination, other than the lack of a national pet registration policy and laboratory-based disease diagnostic services are some of the reasons that cause perpetuation of the CDV in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%