Genetic diversity of Orobanche cumana populations from Spain assessed using SSR markers

Abstract

Summary Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) is found in Spain as an allochthonous species parasitising exclusively sunflower. For many years, it was distributed in the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province, but in recent years, it has spread to new areas. The objective of this research was to study genetic diversity of O. cumana populations from Spain using robust co‐dominant molecular markers. Cluster analysis on a set of 50 populations using 15 microsatellite markers revealed the existence of two distant gene pools, one in Cuenca province and another one in the Guadalquivir Valley. Within each gene pool, both inter‐ and intrapopulation variability were extremely low. This population structure probably reflects a founder effect, with the two genetically distant gene pools deriving from separate introduction events. Different races occurred within the same gene pool, suggesting that current races might have evolved through mutation from a common genetic background. Most of the populations from new areas were identical to the populations from the Guadalquivir Valley. Only a few populations showed larger intrapopulation variation. In these cases, our results suggested the co‐existence of both gene pools within the same population, as well as the occurrence of genetic recombination between them. Genetic recombination between distant gene pools is an important mechanism for creating new variation, which might also have an effect on race evolution. These results will contribute to the establishment of improved crop breeding and management strategies for O. cumana control.

Interpopulation Genetic Differentiation Orobanche cumana Wallr. from Russia, Kazakhstan and Romania Using Molecular Genetic Markers

“…The amplification conditions: initial denaturation at a temperature of 96°С for 2 minutes followed by 30 cycles in accordance with temperaturetime mode: annealing at a temperature of 60°С for 40 second, elongation at 70°С for 1 minute, denaturation at 94°С for 30 second, and final elongation for 2 minutes. 15 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used that were selected in work (Pineda-Martos et al, 2013).…”

“…The existence of two distant gene pools in two provinces in Spain is revealed, one is in Cuenca province and another one in Guadalquivir Valley. Within each gene pool, both inter-and intrapopulation variability were extremely low (Pineda-Martos et al, 2013). The molecular analysis among highly virulent populations of O. cumana identified four clusters, respectively, grouping populations from Central Spain, Hungary, South Spain and Turkey.…”

“…The molecular genetic differences between the populations of O. cumana from different countries have already been studied (Ciuca et al, 2004;Atanasova et al, 2005;Benharrat et al, 2002;Gagne et al, 1998;Pineda-Martos et al, 2013;MolineroRuiz et al, 2013). By using RAPD PCR technology, it has been shown that the populations of O. cumana from Bulgaria, Spain, Romania, and Turkey have low intrapopulation variability, and very little gene exchange appears to occur between different geographic regions (Gagne et al, 1998).…”

Research on resistance to sunflower broomrape: an integrated vision

“…This has been reported for races E (Vranceanu et al, 1980;Ish-Shalom-Gordon et al, 1993;Lu et al, 2000;Pérez-Vich et al, 2004;Sukno et al, 1999), F (Pacureanu-Joita et al, 2004;Pérez-Vich et al, 2002), and G (Velasco et al, 2012). Full demonstration of the occurrence of a gene-forgene interaction in the O. cumana-sunflower was provided by Rodríguez-Ojeda, Pineda-Martos et al (2013), who showed that O. cumana race E avirulence in presence of the resistance gene Or5 was inherited as a single dominant gene. The genefor-gene relationships between the dominant resistance gene Or5 in sunflower, conferring resistance to broomrape race E but not to race F, and the avirulence gene Avr Or5 , determining avirulence in presence of the dominant Or5 gene, are shown in Table 1.…”

History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review

“…Also interesting about races of O. cumana in Spain is that in the 1980's two different races of the parasite were identified, one in the south and another in the centre of the country, and characterized as races D and E, respectively (Melero-Vara et al, 1989). Pathogenic and molecular differentiation of O. cumana populations from Spain as related to geographical origin were again recently reported (Molinero-Ruiz et al, 2006;Pineda-Martos et al, 2013). The last outbreak of genetic resistance in the crop in Spain occurred twenty years ago after the identification of race F (Saavedra del Río et al, 1994;Alonso et al, 1996).…”