Interpopulation Genetic Differentiation Orobanche cumana Wallr. from Russia, Kazakhstan and Romania Using Molecular Genetic Markers

Abstract

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is an obligate parasite of higher plants, which affects sunflower in many countries, cultivating this crop. For the past decades, it is noted the formation of new highly virulent biotypes of broomrape and their spreading to other areas. In our work we studied the molecular genetic diversity of broomrape populations of O.cumana, parasitizing on sunflower in Russia, Romania, and Kazakhstan, by using codominant microsatellite markers. During cluster analysis, the broomrape populations are divided into two clusters, regardless of their racial composition. One cluster grouped 19 samples from Russia and Kazakhstan, and the other -5 populations from Romania. The genetic distance between clusters according to Nei was 0.137. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 22% of genetic variability was due to differences among the gene pools and 78% was due to differences within the gene pools. Pairwise comparisons made using Wright's statistics showed that the differences between these two gene pools are sufficient (Fst ¼ 0.219) to state the existence of a small genetic differentiation between them. Descriptive population genetic statistics for each of the two pools showed that the broomrape populations from the former Soviet Union countries are characterized by a higher level of intrapopulation diversity than the populations from Romania. Molecular genetic differences between broomrape populations parasitizing on sunflower on the post-Soviet territory and in *Corresponding author: Saida Guchetl, Laboratory of Immunity and Electrophoresis, All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of V.S. Pustovoit, 17 Filatova str.,

Genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana populations from the Thrace region of Turkey using microsatellite markers

“…Pineda-Martos et al (2013) detected 19 alleles (2 to 3 alleles/locus) for the same SSR loci as in our study. In the work of Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b, 17 alleles (2 to 4 alleles per locus) were detected for the same SSR loci, except Ocum-160, with our study. The results of band sizes and allele numbers of SSRs in various studies conducted with different O. cumana populations in the literature and in this study are consistent with each other.…”

“…It has been reported that the analyzed SSR loci have a significant level of heterozygote deficiency, and the main reasons for this are a higher fixation index and selfing rate value. Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b indicated higher heterozygosity in populations from Russia and Kazakhstan than populations from Romania. It is emphasized that geographic distance, different soil types, and climatic conditions might affect the level of heterozygosity in these populations.…”

“…The Edirne and Kırklareli populations were in cluster I and the Tekirdağ populations were in cluster II. In the studies of Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b, two well-differentiated clusters were obtained: cluster I grouped populations from Russia and Kazakhstan, whereas cluster II combined populations from different regions of Romania. High levels of intrapopulation diversity and populations from Russia and Kazakhstan being in the same cluster were explained by genetic diversity and similarity of open-pollinated sunflower varieties that were cultivated since Soviet times.…”

“…In comparison with other studies, Pineda-Martos et al (2013) reported that 15 SSR loci (eight of these SSRs were the same as in our study) were polymorphic in 50 populations of O. cumana from Spain. Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b studied populations from Romania, Russia, and Kazakhstan with 9 SSR loci (7 of these SSRs same with showed that these differences are due to both the used marker system and the different geographical origins of the studied populations. A total of 23 alleles belonging to eight SSR loci were determined in our study.…”

“…Later, dominant markers such as RAPDs and ISSRs were used for estimating the genetic diversity of O. cumana populations (Katzir et al, 1996;Gagne et al, 1998Gagne et al, , 2000Benharrat et al, 2002;Roman et al, 2002;Ciuca et al, 2004;Atanasova et al, 2005). In recent years, SSRs have been used more frequently due to their significant characteristics such as codominant inheritance, multiple allele numbers, and high polymorphism levels (Pineda-Martos et al, 2013, 2014a, 2014bGuchetl et al, 2014aGuchetl et al, , 2014bMartin-Sanz et al, 2016). In the work of Pineda-Martos et al (2013), 50 O. cumana populations from Spain were used for analysis of inter-and intrapopulation diversity with SSR analysis.…”