Genetic Diversity of Plant Populations and the Role of Air Pollution

TaylorJr., George E.; Pitelka, Louis F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3538-6_7

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, in contrast to tbese between-population studies, we know of no studies with trees of within-population genetic variation in CO2 responsiveness. Thus, tbe potential for microevolutionary responses to elevated CO2 atmospheres in natural populations of trees remains unknown (Strain 1991;Taylor & Pitelka 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Wayne

Bazzaz

1995

Global Change Biology

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We studied seedling growth responses to ambient and elevated CO2 (350 and 700 |JL L"') of three maternal families of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), raised both individually and in bigb-density stands. Seedlings in competitive, dense stands exhibited markedly lower average CO2-induced growth enhancements than individually grown plants (16% vs. 49%). Maternal families differed in tbeir growth responses to elevated CO2. However, differences among families were contingent upon density; families which exhibited the greatest CO2-induced growth at low density exhibited the least CO2-responsiveness at bigb density. Tbese data are discussed in two separate contexts; the reliability of estimates of the CO2 fertilization potential of forest species based solely on individually grown plants, and the potential evolutionary consequences of rising CO2 on regenerating forest tree populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Wayne

Bazzaz

1995

Global Change Biology

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“…In pristine environments, pollution-resistant ecotypes are at a selective disadvantage (cost of being resistant or a), whereas in polluted environments the sensitive individual is at a disadvantage (/j). The optimum adaptation in an environment that is episodically varying is one in which the phenotype adjusts physiologically or morphologically to the intensity of the stress to avoid the cost (adapted from Taylor and Pitelka 1992). of grasses adapted to soils contaminated with heavy metals (Antonovics et al 1971 ).…”

Section: Evolutionary Consequences and Effects On Biodiversity In Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of adaptation reduces or eliminates the cost of being resistant in a pristine environment (and vice versa) since the phenotype adjusts to the intensity of the stress. There are a number of options for adaptations of this sort, and some of the more probable ones are associated with hormones that can perceive the level of stress and communicate a rapid response (Taylor and Pitelka 1992). There has been little research conducted on these adaptations in response to air pollution stress in any plant form, including sensitive forest-tree species.…”

Section: Evolutionary Consequences and Effects On Biodiversity In Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the selection coefficient for most regionally and globally elevated air pollutants is unlikely to exceed 0.3 as a consequence of pleiotropy, multilocus modes of inheritance, and variable intensity of the stress. Simple, single-locus models of population-level changes require 10-100 generations to achieve fixation with selection coefficients ~0.5 (Taylor and Pitelka 1992), suggesting that even more generations would be required for a chronic stress such as air pollution. Second, the generation time of most tree species is decades, resulting in times to fixation of centuries for air pollution stress with a selective coefficient approaching 0.5.…”

Section: Evolutionary Consequences and Effects On Biodiversity In Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Pollution and Forest Ecosystems: A Regional to Global Perspective

Taylor¹,

Johnson²,

Andersen³

1994

Ecological Applications

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112

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Changes in the atmospheric concentrations of a number of air pollutants over the last century are hallmarks of the magnitude and extent of human impact on the environment. Some of these changes are important to ecologists because many pollutants, acting singly or in combination, affect ecological systems in general and forests in particular. The greatest concern lies with chronic levels of tropospheric ozone, cumulative deposition of hydrogen ion, nitrogen, and sulfur via wet and dry processes, a select number of airborne chemicals (e.g., mercury) that tend to bioaccumulate in continental landscapes, and ultraviolet—B radiation through the loss of stratospheric ozone. Because the atmospheric residence time of most pollutants of concern to ecologists is measured on time frames extending from a few weeks to decades, pollutant distribution and effects are regional to global in dimension. We present evidence that ambient levels of some air pollutants in North America are affecting managed and unmanaged forests, and that the two most important pollutants are tropospheric ozone and chronic nitrogen loading. Further evidence indicates that while concentrations of some air pollutants have been declining over the last decade in North America, others are expected to remain unchanged or increase, including tropospheric ozone. We conclude that air pollution is affecting many North American forests and some remote forests around the globe. In the immediate future, the concern for air pollution effects on forests and associated natural resources will broaden to include interactions with changes in climate and pollution effects in the world's developing countries. There has been a rapid evolution in air pollution studies in ecology, shifting away from the agricultural paradigm of single—factor experimentation toward new methodologies that are ecologically and multidisciplinarily based. This shift has been promoted by the recognition that air pollution is one of several factors influencing forest productivity, community dynamics, and biogeochemistry, and that effects arise through long—term exposures. This evolution in methodologies will become even more marked in the future as new ecological approaches are adopted and an understanding is developed of how air pollution interacts with changes in climate. One of the most promising methodologies is process level modeling, which utilizes the large base of data in tree physiology and forest ecology, watershed chemistry, and atmosphere— forest canopy meteorology to develop models of tree physiology and growth and to subsequently scale these investigations to the levels of forest stands and landscapes.

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“…These mechanisms include morphological and anatomic structural characteristics such as the depth of the roots, the thickness of the leaf cuticle, and the number and position of stomas; defoliation (leaf drop) of contaminated leaves could also be considered as a mechanism by which plants tolerate air pollution (Taylor and Pitelka 1992;Darrall 1989). Tolerance is especially important for plants used as bioindicators of air pollution or bioaccumulators of inorganic particles from soil and air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal accumulation affects growth of Scots pine by causing oxidative damage

Осма

Elveren

Karakoyun

2016

Air Qual Atmos Health

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In this study, some physiological and biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress and the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed in leaves of pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) collected from regions suspected of air pollution. Leaves were collected from plants at five different locations near Erzincan, Turkey including the city center and a control area. All leaves were divided into two main parts after a washing procedure. After all pre-procedures in the laboratory, heavy metal analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Data were analyzed statistically, and significant differences were found for plants collected among the different locations. Additionally, electrolyte leakage and physiological parameters such as lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 content, chlorophyll content, and activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase were determined as indicators of plant cell stress. Results indicated significant differences between plants at experimental locations vs. the control area in terms of stress parameters; these differences were associated with heavy metal concentrations in plants.

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Genetic Diversity of Plant Populations and the Role of Air Pollution

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Air Pollution and Forest Ecosystems: A Regional to Global Perspective

Heavy metal accumulation affects growth of Scots pine by causing oxidative damage

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