Genetic Engineering of Resistance to Bleaching Herbicides Affecting Phytoene Desaturase and Lycopene Cyclase in Cyanobacterial Carotenogenesis

Windhövel, Ute; Sandmann, Gerhard; Böger, Peter

doi:10.1006/pest.1997.2261

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Tolerance to CPTA in the transgenic line may be due to the increase in LCYB protein levels, and/or because the tobacco LCYB is intrinsically more tolerant to CPTA than that of tomato. Therefore, such an approach is feasible for the production of a crop resistant to this herbicide and for screening putative bleaching herbicides that have different modes of action to CPTA [25]. The increase in total carotenoids in the transgenic line is consistent with the report that CPTA modulates mRNA levels of carotenoid genes [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic modification of tomato with the tobacco lycopene β-cyclase gene produces high β-carotene and lycopene fruit

Ralley

Schuch

Fraser

et al. 2016

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Transgenic Solanum lycopersicum plants expressing an additional copy of the lycopene β-cyclase gene (LCYB) from Nicotiana tabacum, under the control of the Arabidopsis polyubiquitin promoter (UBQ3), have been generated. Expression of LCYB was increased some 10-fold in ripening fruit compared to vegetative tissues. The ripe fruit showed an orange pigmentation, due to increased levels (up to 5-fold) of β-carotene, with negligible changes to other carotenoids, including lycopene. Phenotypic changes in carotenoids were found in vegetative tissues, but levels of biosynthetically related isoprenoids such as tocopherols, ubiquinone and plastoquinone were barely altered. Transformants showed tolerance to the bleaching herbicide β-cyclase inhibitor, 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) triethylamine. The phenotype was inherited for at least three generations.Keywords: β-carotene; genetic modification; lycopene; lycopene β-cyclase; Solanum lycopersicum.Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of Professor Peter Böger, who kindly provided the opportunity for PDF and PMB to work in his laboratory on the mode of action of bleaching herbicides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic modification of tomato with the tobacco lycopene β-cyclase gene produces high β-carotene and lycopene fruit

Ralley

Schuch

Fraser

et al. 2016

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…Bleaching herbicides, utilized to enhance in vitro carotenogenesis (56,(92)(93)(94)(95), are chemicals that interrupt the normal biosynthesis of carotenoids, either in vivo or in vitro, causing a fatal loss of photoprotection in the plant and leading to the destruction of chlorophyll upon light exposure (96). Previously, our laboratory utilized the bleaching herbicide norflurazon, a PE desaturase inhibitor (Fig.…”

Section: Isotopically Labeled Tomato Carotenoid Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Aspects of Phytoene and Phytofluene, Carotenoid Precursors to Lycopene

Engelmann

Clinton

Erdman

2011

Advances in Nutrition

101

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Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between tomato consumption and serum and tissue lycopene (LYC) levels with risk of some chronic diseases, including several cancers and cardiovascular disease. LYC, the red carotenoid found in tomatoes, is often considered to be the primary bioactive carotenoid in tomatoes that mediates health benefits, but other colorless precursor carotenoids, phytoene (PE) and phytofluene (PF), are also present in substantial quantities. PE and PF are readily absorbed from tomato foods and tomato extracts by humans. Animal models of carotenoid absorption suggest preferential accumulation of PE and PF in some tissues. The reasonably high concentrations of PE and PF detected in serum and tissues relative to the concentrations in foods suggest that absorption or metabolism of these compounds may be different from that of LYC. Experimental studies, both in vitro and in vivo, suggest that PE and PF exhibit bioactivity but little is known about their impact in humans. Methods for producing isotopically labeled PE, PF, and LYC tracers from tomato plant cell culture offer a unique tool for further understanding the differential bioavailability and metabolism of these 3 prominent tomato carotenoids and how they may affect health.

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“…(1989). Synechococcus PCC7942, a naturally competent organism, was transformed by direct application of plasmid DNA according to the protocol described by Windhövel, Sandmann & Böger (1997).…”

Section: Cultures Growth Conditions and Transformation Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate up‐regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis as a response to light stress in Synechococcus PCC7942

Schäfer

Sandmann

Woitsch

et al. 2006

Plant Cell & Environment

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Carotenoid biosynthesis is up-regulated by strong light in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus . By blocking off the pathway at the level of phytoene conversion, lightdependent accumulation of phytoene was observed. Realtime PCR studies demonstrated that four genes of the carotenogenic pathway are under transcriptional control. These were the genes encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, z -carotene desaturase and b -carotene hydroxylase. The transcript of the first three follow a similar kinetics, whereas the transcript of b -carotene hydroxylase increased much faster upon transfer to high light. Promoter activities were determined with transcriptional fusions to chloramphenicol acyltransferase as reporter enzyme. The activity of the promoter of the phytoene desaturase/synthase operon was higher under strong light.

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Genetic Engineering of Resistance to Bleaching Herbicides Affecting Phytoene Desaturase and Lycopene Cyclase in Cyanobacterial Carotenogenesis

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Genetic modification of tomato with the tobacco lycopene β-cyclase gene produces high β-carotene and lycopene fruit

Genetic modification of tomato with the tobacco lycopene β-cyclase gene produces high β-carotene and lycopene fruit

Nutritional Aspects of Phytoene and Phytofluene, Carotenoid Precursors to Lycopene

Coordinate up‐regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis as a response to light stress in Synechococcus PCC7942

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