Genetic Evaluation of Indigenous and Exotic Wheat Germplasm Based on Yield Related Attributes

Abstract

Wheat is highly self-pollinated crop and main staple food of the world. Yield is one of the main breeding objectives in the wheat crop. Plant breeders are focusing on the development of new lines with increased yield, resistant against biotic and abiotic factors and having more nutritional values. The goal of the current research was to identify acceptable crossings for further investigation by determining the type of gene action (genetic effects) and combining ability of parental genotypes for morphological features. This approach was used to evaluate three lines, namely Ujala-2016, Johar-2016, Galaxy-2013 and four testers’ viz. XJ22, XJ23, XJ24 and XJ25. Collected data were subjected to line × tester analysis. Among parents as lines genotype Johar-2016 found good general combiner for studied traits. While among testers XJ25 proved to be the best general combiner for studied traits. Similarly, cross combinations hybrid XJ25 × Galaxy-2013 performed best as specific combiner. It was noticed that SCA variance was greater than GCA variance for all factors studied in wheat except for grains/spike. The superior genotypes and crosses can be further tested in yield for development of improved wheat varieties.

Role of Transposons Inverted Repeat in Balancing Drought Tolerance and Yield Related Trait in Maize

“…During the postfertilization progamic stage, pollen grains, acting as autonomous and genetically distinct entities, engage in a competitive race to efficiently transport sperm cells to the embryo sac for double fertilisation (Centre 2014). In plants that undergo outcrossing, such as maize, the presence of a wide stigma and style creates an environment that is prone to increased competition among individuals (AMJAD et al, 2022;Ammar et al, 2022;Bano et al, 2023). This heightened competition may result in a milieu that is particularly susceptible to genetic disturbances.…”

Salinity Stress Effects on Nutrient Uptake in Plants and its Influence on Plant Growth Efficiency

“…For instance, increased salt levels in the root zone may prevent potassium, a mineral necessary for plant growth, from being absorbed. Similar to how too much chloride can prohibit plants from utilising nitrate-which is necessary for the creation of protein-properly (Ammar et al, 2022;Hamza et al, 2018). The capacity of plants to survive as a whole can be severely lowered by such nutritional imbalances (Carillo et al, 2011).…”

Mechanism of Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat

“…The gradual increases in the rate of leaves senescence and drooping, burning, rolling of leaf and delicateness, etiolation, drooping, turgidity, immature falling, and turning into yellowish leaves are the universal indications of drought stress in plants ( Khan et al, 2018;Ruehr et al, 2019;Sarwar et al, 2022;Tahir et al, 2020). Effects of drought on wheat Some basic ecological factors, including an interval of drought, strength and occurrence of drought, characteristics of soil, conditions and stages for growth, and species of plant, strongly affect the degree and time of symptoms related to drought in plants (Ammar et al, 2022;Iqbal et al, 2021;Zoghi et al, 2019).…”