Genetic evidence for contrasting patterns of dispersal in solitary and colonial ascidians

Ayre, David J.; Davis, Andrew R.; Billingham, M.; Llorens, Tanya M.; Styan, Craig A.

doi:10.1007/s002270050224

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Eudistoma elongatum probably arrived in New Zealand with human assistance, rather than being selfintroduced, because of the limited dispersal ability of aplousobranch ascidian larvae (Ayre et al 1998). The method of introduction is unknown, but is more likely owing to translocation in fouling assemblages on the hulls of slow-moving vessels than in ballast water, because of the short larval period (Ayre et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of introduction is unknown, but is more likely owing to translocation in fouling assemblages on the hulls of slow-moving vessels than in ballast water, because of the short larval period (Ayre et al 1998). Eudistoma elongatum was not found in 2006 surveys of the Opua marina and Whangarei Port, including marsden Point and the Whangarei town basin marina in northern New Zealand (g. inglis, NiWApers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First record of the Australian ascidianEudistoma elongatumin northern New Zealand

Smith¹,

Page

Handley

et al. 2007

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae M07030;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of the Australian ascidianEudistoma elongatumin northern New Zealand

Smith¹,

Page

Handley

et al. 2007

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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show abstract

“…After a relative short planktonic larval phase (usually minutes to several days; Svane and Young 1989;Bingham and Young 1991;Marshall and Keough 2003), larvae metamorphose and settle down to become sessile adults. Due to short-lived tadpole larvae, ascidians do not naturally disperse far, usually just several meters or even less, especially in colonial species (Ayre et al 1997). Large-scale dispersal can thus only be attributed to humanmediated transfers, resulting in widespread geographical distributions that we observed presently.…”

Section: Natural Versus Vector-mediated Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascidians as models for studying invasion success

et al. 2015

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“…However other solitary ascidian, Pyura gibbosa, showed no genetic differentiation over a scale of 215 km. Whereas colonial species, which are usually brooders with shorter free larval periods exhibit genetic structure even at scales of meters or tens of meters (Ayre et al 1997), including the species Botrillus schlosseri one of the most successful colonizer and invader species which also shows the influence of the glaciations on their genetic structure along the European coasts (Yund and O'Neil, 2000;Ben-Shlomo et al, 2001Stoner et al, 2002). Similarly other taxa as bivalves, corals and bryozoans with lecithotrophic or aplanic larvae show significant genetic variation on scales from tens of meters to few kilometres (Goldson et al, 2001;Holmes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Differentiation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure of the ascidian Styela rustica at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic

Demarchi

Chiappero

Laudien

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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The actual Arctic biota shows a strong affinity with that of the Boreal Atlantic and Pacific ones, as a result of an active recolonization process after the Quaternary glaciations. The geographic distribution of sessile species is usually linked to larvae dispersive capabilities which can be directly related with time spent in the plankton. Ascidians larvae are lecitothorphic and short-lived, which suggest that ascidians could be not efficient dispersers. However, the solitary ascidian Styela rustica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) shows a wide distribution pattern from the North Atlantic to the Arctic that, together with the relatively recent colonization of the Arctic system could indicate that this species efficiently disperses and colonizes new habitats. In this study we used ISSR-PCR markers to study the genetic structure of five populations of the ascidian Styela rustica at Kongsfjorden, west Spitsbergen (Svalbard archipelago). We analyzed whether this species presents a low genetic structure, as can be expected due to the historical process of recent post glaciations colonization, or if there is genetic differentiation at a local scale, caused by short-lived larvae and limited dispersal potential. The genetic diversity in each population assessed using the marker diversity index (M) ranged from 0.288 to 0.324. Population HN, situated close to a fast retreating glacier, showed the lowest diversity. Processes associated with deglatiation (icebergs calving from the glacier that scour the benthos and the increment of inorganic particulate matter on the water column) would drive to reduced population sizes and explain the reduced genetic variability observed in the HN population with respect to the others in the fjord. This suggests a possible linkage with the global warming process. Although the weak genetic structure found among the studied populations could indicate a founder effect, the genetic landscape shape analysis together with a positive relationship between genetic and geographic distances also suggest possible current gene flow among populations in the fjord.

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Genetic evidence for contrasting patterns of dispersal in solitary and colonial ascidians

Cited by 77 publications

References 22 publications

First record of the Australian ascidianEudistoma elongatumin northern New Zealand

First record of the Australian ascidianEudistoma elongatumin northern New Zealand

Ascidians as models for studying invasion success

Population genetic structure of the ascidian Styela rustica at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic

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