Genetic evidence of promiscuity in a mammal without apparent sexual dimorphism, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Leite, Dalila Alves; Keuroghlian, Alexine; Rufo, Danilo Aqueu; Miyaki, Cristina Yumi; Biondo, Cibele

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.05.005

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Devido a sua estrutura social, os machos dominantes nos grupos de queixadas mantidos em cativeiro têm acesso prioritário a recursos limitados, como alimentos e fêmeas em estro [4]. Em vida livre, contudo, as fêmeas de queixadas apresentam comportamento promíscuo [11]. Por sua vez, para caititus não se observou mais de 1 macho copulando com uma mesma fêmea receptiva [4].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Vieira

Barros

Costa

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: In order to reverse the White-lipped peccary decline, besides protecting its habitat and controlling hunting, it is necessary a captive breeding program. There are reports, however, on the low fertility of white-lipped peccary, making it difficult its reproduction in captivity, making artificial insemination one of the main tools to prevent the loss of genetic diversity of species kept in captivity. Information on safe methods of anesthesia and the collection of semen should be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the anesthetic protocols acepromazine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine, as well as electroejaculation protocols, for semen collection in white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari).Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve adult male white-lipped peccaries were submitted both to the xylazine/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anesthetic protocols. The anesthetic induction time and duration, the degree of muscle relaxation, the time for anesthetic recovery and the quality of the animals’ recovery were evaluated. Additionally, the quality of the sedation was evaluated based on the animal’s behavior. We also evaluated the effect of drugs on erectile functions as well as the efficiency of three electroejaculation protocols with increasing or fixed voltages (2 to 4 V; 5 to 12 V; 12 V). The acepromazine/ketamine combination promotes shorter induction time, duration and recovery from anesthesia than the xylazine/ketamine association. There were no differences, however, between the tested anesthetic protocols in relation to heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. Ejaculate was obtained from only 2 animals when using the xylazine/ketamine protocol and adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage. In turn, ejaculate was obtained from four animals submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, three of them with the adoption of stimuli between 5 and 12 V and one with the adoption of fixed 12 V stimuli, with 45 stimuli at this single voltage.Discussion: The animals presented less deep anesthesia and, consequently, worse indicators of well-being during and after the collection procedures when submitted to the xylazine/ketamine protocol compared to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol. When submitted to the acepromazine/ketamine protocol, the animals allowed the observer to approach and handle them, facilitating handling and collection of semen, in addition to promoting better indicators of animal welfare. Also, with this aforementioned protocol, the animals showed better anesthetic return. For both anesthetic protocols, the protocol of increasing stimuli from 5 to 12 V, with 10 stimuli at each voltage, resulted in penile erection and in obtaining ejaculate in a greater number of animals in relation to the other electroejaculation protocols. In turn, the use of the growing protocol 2 V to 4 V did not even cause an erection in any of the 12 animals. From the ejaculates collected from the white-lipped peccary, volumes (0.2 to 1.0 mL) and average sperm concentration (379.1 x 106 sperm/mL) were comparatively higher than those from Pecari tajacu. The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is considered an aggressive animal, and this characteristic can explain the relatively low success in obtaining ejaculates, as aggressiveness is directly related to stress, which is an antagonist of ejaculation. Thus, we proposed to test chemical restraint with the aid of a blowgun in future studies.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Vieira

Barros

Costa

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Social mating systems (e.g., monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry) are relatively stable behavioral strategies for mating relationships in animals (Orians 1969; Emlen and Oring 1977;Zhang 1995Zhang , 2000Young et al 2011). Mating systems tend to be species-level traits, although alternative mating strategies can be expressed by individuals within a species (Morris et al 2010;Blanch eld et al 2003; Katharina et al2018;Dalila et al 2018). Interestingly, research has shown that there can be dramatic differences between social mating systems and their predicted underlying genetic signatures, as has been demonstrated in avian species (Breed and Moore 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for variability in the social mating system of the Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)

Kong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Social mating systems (e.g., monogamy, polygamy, or polyandry) are relatively stable behavioral strategies developed by environmental in animals, but the genetic imprint of a particular mating system is often incongruent with the social mating system due to extrapair matings. However, the genetics of mating systems remain little understood in rodents. In this study, we investigated the genetic signature of the mating system of 141 (63 females, 78 males) field-captured Midday Gerbils (Meriones meridianus) -a rodent species commonly found in the Minqin Desert in China-through microsatellite site analyses of genetic structure and relatedness. Seven pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and were highly polymorphic, the combined exclusion probability was greater than 0.99. The parent pair paternity test by Cervus 3.0 software show that, eleven mother-offspring and nine father-offspring relationships were identified in 2018, involving 26 individuals from 10 families. Similarly, 19 mother-offspring and 19 father-offspring relationships were identified in 2019, involving 48 individuals from 18 families. All three types of genetic mating structure were identified: monogamy (19 families), polyandry (4 families), and polygyny (5 families), providing evidence that the genetics underlying mating systems in this species are variable, can be incongruent with behavioral evidence for social mating systems, and could vary based on environmental cues, including degree of perceived or actual predation.

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“…It is important to highlight that not all polygynous ungulate species exhibit SSD, including for example, equids [ 14 ] and peccaries [ 15 ], while molecular analysis has begun to reveal that the largest and strongest males do not always outcompete smaller rivals and monopolize access to oestrus females [ 16 ]. In fact, when paternity is accounted for, the relationship between sexual dimorphism and polygyny is often less pronounced than originally predicted [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

et al. 2021

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Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a common morphological trait in ungulates, with polygyny considered the leading driver of larger male body mass and weapon size. However, not all polygynous species exhibit SSD, while molecular evidence has revealed a more complex relationship between paternity and mating system than originally predicted. SSD is, therefore, likely to be shaped by a range of social, ecological and physiological factors. We present the first definitive analysis of SSD in the common hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) using a unique morphological dataset collected from 2994 aged individuals. The results confirm that hippos exhibit SSD, but the mean body mass differed by only 5% between the sexes, which is rather limited compared with many other polygynous ungulates. However, jaw and canine mass are significantly greater in males than females (44% and 81% heavier, respectively), highlighting the considerable selection pressure for acquiring larger weapons. A predominantly aquatic lifestyle coupled with the physiological limitations of their foregut fermenting morphology likely restricts body size differences between the sexes. Indeed, hippos appear to be a rare example among ungulates whereby sexual selection favours increased weapon size over body mass, underlining the important role that species-specific ecology and physiology have in shaping SSD.

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Genetic evidence of promiscuity in a mammal without apparent sexual dimorphism, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Chemical Restraining and Electroejaculation Protocols for Semen Collection in White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Genetic evidence for variability in the social mating system of the Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

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