Genetic HLA Study of Kurds in Iraq, Iran and Tbilisi (Caucasus, Georgia): Relatedness and Medical Implications

Arnaiz‐Villena, Antonio; Palacio-Grüber, José; Muñiz, Ester; Campos, Cristina; Alonso-Rubio, Javier; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo; Salih, Shadallah Fareq; Martin-Villa, José Manuel; Al-Qadi, Rawand

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169929

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This suggests that Kurds, Syrians, Jordanians, Palestinians, Iraqis, Lebanese, and Iranians probably share the same genetic profile, with few differences. Accordingly, our findings confirm the results of an earlier study of Arnaiz-Villena on Iraqi Kurds [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The genetic heterogeneity of Arab populations as inferred from HLA genes

et al. 2018

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This is the first genetic anthropology study on Arabs in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. The present meta-analysis included 100 populations from 36 Arab and non-Arab communities, comprising 16,006 individuals, and evaluates the genetic profile of Arabs using HLA class I (A, B) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) genes. A total of 56 Arab populations comprising 10,283 individuals were selected from several databases, and were compared with 44 Mediterranean, Asian, and sub-Saharan populations. The most frequent alleles in Arabs are A*01, A*02, B*35, B*51, DRB1*03:01, DRB1*07:01, DQB1*02:01, and DQB1*03:01, while DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 and DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:02 are the most frequent class II haplotypes. Dendrograms, correspondence analyses, genetic distances, and haplotype analysis indicate that Arabs could be stratified into four groups. The first consists of North Africans (Algerians, Tunisians, Moroccans, and Libyans), and the first Arabian Peninsula cluster (Saudis, Kuwaitis, and Yemenis), who appear to be related to Western Mediterraneans, including Iberians; this might be explained for a massive migration into these areas when Sahara underwent a relatively rapid desiccation, starting about 10,000 years BC. The second includes Levantine Arabs (Palestinians, Jordanians, Lebanese, and Syrians), along with Iraqi and Egyptians, who are related to Eastern Mediterraneans. The third comprises Sudanese and Comorians, who tend to cluster with Sub-Saharans. The fourth comprises the second Arabian Peninsula cluster, made up of Omanis, Emiratis, and Bahrainis. It is noteworthy that the two large minorities (Berbers and Kurds) are indigenous (autochthonous), and are not genetically different from “host” and neighboring populations. In conclusion, this study confirmed high genetic heterogeneity among present-day Arabs, and especially those of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The genetic heterogeneity of Arab populations as inferred from HLA genes

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, haplotypes are better indicators of HLA match estimation compared to allele frequency alone [ 35 ]. Variations in allele frequency distribution in populations in general provide insight into peopling history [ 64 , 65 ]. HLA genetic makeup of populations provides insight into history including selective pressures by pathogens [ 33 ], migration, admixture, and changes in population size [ 54 , 66 – 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Leukocyte Antigen-A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 Allele and Haplotype Frequencies in a Subset of 237 Donors in the South African Bone Marrow Registry

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Schlaphoff

et al. 2018

Journal of Immunology Research

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Human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 allele and haplotype frequencies were studied in a subset of 237 volunteer bone marrow donors registered at the South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR). Hapl-o-Mat software was used to compute allele and haplotype frequencies from individuals typed at various resolutions, with some alleles in multiple allele code (MAC) format. Four hundred and thirty-eight HLA-A, 235 HLA-B, 234 HLA-DRB1, 41 HLA-DQB1, and 29 HLA-C alleles are reported. The most frequent alleles were A∗02:02g (0.096), B∗07:02g (0.082), C∗07:02g (0.180), DQB1∗06:02 (0.157), and DRB1∗15:01 (0.072). The most common haplotype was A∗03:01g~B∗07:02g~C∗07:02g~DQB1∗06:02~DRB1∗15:01 (0.067), which has also been reported in other populations. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in A, B, and DRB1 loci, with C~DQB1 being the only locus pair in linkage disequilibrium. This study describes allele and haplotype frequencies from a subset of donors registered at SABMR, the only active bone marrow donor registry in Africa. Although the sample size was small, our results form a key resource for future population studies, disease association studies, and donor recruitment strategies.

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“…However, Kurds seem to be closer to a Mediterranean ancient substratum (ArnaizVillena et al 2001c;Shiina et al 2009;Arnaiz-Villena et al 2017). Correspondence analysis (Fig 3) clearly shows a certain degree of admixture of Iranian Azeries, Kurds and Gorgan with Mediterranean and eastern genes.…”

Section: Azeris and Anatolian And Caucasus Populationsmentioning

confidence: 94%