Aquaculture industries and research organizations usually fail to exploit genetics as a tool for enhancing productivity and competitiveness. Yet, there is now some awareness among aquaculturists of the benefits from genetics. There remains little consensus about the types of genetic approaches that are most beneficial for the aquaculture industry. Discord arises because genetics comprises many subdisciplines, each with advocates promoting one field or another as the best method to develop commercially valuable strains. Here, I examine retrospectively the various genetic approaches in aquaculture to assess their commercial benefit.