Genetic manipulations of microorganisms for the degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane

Johri, Atul Kumar; Dua, Meenakshi; Tuteja, Dipika; Saxena, Rekha; Saxena, D.M.; Lal, Rup

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00254.x

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The resilience of Lindane in the soil studied was similar to that previously reported in European agricultural soils [19]. The soil isolate Sphingomonas paucimobilis has been reported to have the ability to degrade gamma-HCH aerobically [10,13,17,18] in soils [21]. The addition of inocula (bioaugmentation) to soils where Lindane was recalcitrant resulted in the degradation of the pesticide, further indicating the role of the microbiota in pesticide degradation [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Stability of bacterial populations in tropical soil upon exposure to Lindane

Rodríguez

Toranzos

2003

International Microbiology

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The effect of the pesticide Lindane on microbial populations was analyzed in soil with a history of contamination with various chemicals, including this pesticide. Soil microcosms were amended with 100 mg Lindane/kg soil and microbial populations were monitored for 70 days. Bacterial cell concentrations, metabolic versatility (whole community Biolog), and genetic diversity (16S rDNA/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were used to monitor microbial communities. Results show the persistence of Lindane in the soil environment; at the end of the experiment, 70% of the added Lindane remained undegraded. A reduction of 50% in bacterial cell concentration was observed in Lindane-amended microcosms during the 2nd week of the experiment. This reduction was correlated with a reduction in the rate of substrate utilization as observed by Biolog. Overall, no effect of Lindane was observed on the metabolic versatility and genetic diversity in these soils, demonstrating the ability of these bacterial populations to tolerate the pressure caused by the addition of pesticides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Stability of bacterial populations in tropical soil upon exposure to Lindane

Rodríguez

Toranzos

2003

International Microbiology

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] A number of studies reported the anaerobic biodegradation of aqueous HCHs via reductive dechlorination and dehydrohalogenation to less chlorinated cyclohexanes and chlorophenols, and then to end products including various tri-, di-, and monochlorobenzenes, and benzene. [25][26][27] Aerobic biodegradation has also been reported, with the data suggesting that HCHs could be cometabolized in the environment and, under certain conditions, could serve as the sole source of carbon for microorganisms. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Structural factors influence the reactivity of the HCHs as well as the type of reactions they might be expected to undergo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Environment: Mechanisms of Dechlorination

Elliott

Spear

et al. 2011

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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The hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are a very well known and widely studied class of organochlorine pesticides. Because of their widespread global usage over the past 5 decades, HCHs are ubiquitous in the environment. With the molecular formula of C 6 H 6 Cl 6 , there are 8 known HCH isomers, which differ in the axial versus equatorial orientation of the chlorine substituents. Among these isomers, alpha (α), gamma (γ ), beta (β), and delta (δ), HCHs are of major environmental significance. The authors' primary objective is to review the properties, reactivity, and chemical reaction pathways of HCHs in the context of natural attenuation and accelerated remediation of HCHs. The structural differences contributing to the varying physical and chemical properties of the isomers, classical reaction pathways of substitution, nonreductive elimination, and reductive elimination, are summarized and discussed. In addition, recent research results on the application of nanoscale zero valent iron for treatments of HCH-contaminated groundwater are also presented.

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“…Although Lindane has been shown to be readily biodegradable under appropriate conditions, it has also been reported to persist in soil for many years (MacRae et al 1969). Published half-lives for Lindane in soil range from 4 to 6 weeks (Johri et al 1996) or 120 days (Bintein & Devillers 1996), to 260 days (Jury et al 1983) to 2 years (Johri et al 1996), depending on the method of application and application rate, as well as initial concentrations, soil differences and environmental conditions. HCH isomers, applied to field plots as a mixture of pesticide, can persist for as long as 15 years after the last application (Stewart & Chisholm 1971).…”

Section: Physical Properties and Persistence Of Hchsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms

Seech²,

et al. 2005

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The organochlorine pesticide Lindane is the gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Technical grade Lindane contains a mixture of HCH isomers which include not only gamma-HCH, but also large amounts of predominantly alpha-, beta- and delta-HCH. The physical properties and persistence of each isomer differ because of the different chlorine atom orientations on each molecule (axial or equatorial). However, all four isomers are considered toxic and recalcitrant worldwide pollutants. Biodegradation of HCH has been studied in soil, slurry and culture media but very little information exists on in situ bioremediation of the different isomers including Lindane itself, at full scale. Several soil microorganisms capable of degrading, and utilizing HCH as a carbon source, have been reported. In selected bacterial strains, the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the initial degradation of Lindane have been cloned, sequenced, expressed and the gene products characterized. HCH is biodegradable under both oxic and anoxic conditions, although mineralization is generally observed only in oxic systems. As is found for most organic compounds, HCH degradation in soil occurs at moderate temperatures and at near neutral pH. HCH biodegradation in soil has been reported at both low and high (saturated) moisture contents. Soil texture and organic matter appear to influence degradation presumably by sorption mechanisms and impact on moisture retention, bacterial growth and pH. Most studies report on the biodegradation of relatively low (< 500 mg/kg) concentrations of HCH in soil. Information on the effects of inorganic nutrients, organic carbon sources or other soil amendments is scattered and inconclusive. More in-depth assessments of amendment effects and evaluation of bioremediation protocols, on a large scale, using soil with high HCH concentrations, are needed.

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Genetic manipulations of microorganisms for the degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane

Cited by 39 publications

References 137 publications

Stability of bacterial populations in tropical soil upon exposure to Lindane

Stability of bacterial populations in tropical soil upon exposure to Lindane

Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Environment: Mechanisms of Dechlorination

Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms

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