Genetic Networks in Osseointegration

Understanding the biological responses of nanostructured metals and surfaces

“…There are also 600 species of bacteria in the human oral microbiome [13] and the response of bacteria to a dental implant is an important consideration. We are just beginning to understand the fine balance between osteoblasts, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, macrophages and other factors that contribute to successful implantation [14].…”

“…Mengatto et al [71] demonstrated in vivo that osseointegration may be dependent on vitamin D availability, involves genes that produce proteins of the ECM, and includes circadian rhythm gene regulation. Nishimura [14] reviewed results of 12 implant microarray studies and proposed a model for the genetic processes underlying osseointegration of implants that implicate genes already known to regulate the differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts, but also genes that are involved in the MSC to chondrocyte Epigenetics is an emerging discipline that highlights the influence of chromosome organization on gene expression and that is undergoing a period of rapid acceleration due to NGS technology. The methylation of specific regions of DNA and the biochemical modification of histone proteins are responsible for maintaining chromosome configuration and these modifications, in turn, influence RNA expression profiles.…”

A complete physical mapping of the vitamin D receptor gene for dental implant loss: A pilot study

“…Therefore, it is possible that it controls many pathophysiological processes, influencing the osteomineral balance (Insua, Monje, Wang, & Miron, ; Naja, Dardenne, Arabian, & St Arnaud, ) and the immune‐inflammatory response (Verstuyf, Carmeliet, Bouillon, & Mathieu, ). For this reason, SNPs in the VDR gene could impact the individual immunological ability to establish and/or maintain the osseointegration of dental implants (Nishimura, ).…”

“…However, its association with dental implant loss is not clear yet. In addition, several of whole‐genome transcriptome studies suggest complex molecular pathways that may play putative roles in osseointegration, particularly through the vitamin D—VDR axis (Nishimura, ). One of the main molecular mechanisms proposed is related to a cascade in which intermediate vitamin D metabolites act as transcription factors for genes linked to osseointegration, such as HAPLN1 , Col2 , Col9 , Col10 , and Col11 (genes related to bone extracellular matrix formation), and genes that induce osteoclastogenesis (such as RANKL ).…”

Effect of photo activated disinfection on osseointegration of immediate implants placed in infected sockets

“…bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor) and transcriptional factors (e.g. Sox9, Runx2 and Osterix) have all been shown to have pivotal roles in driving peri-implant tissue healing and regeneration gene expression signatures that are being investigated to enable better, predictive clinical responsiveness [25] .…”