Genetic origin of the Swedish Sami inferred from HLA class I and class II allele frequencies

Johansson, Åsa; Ingman, Max; Mack, Steven J.; Erlich, Henry A.; Gyllensten, Ulf

doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.88

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These studies showed a significantly increased frequency of HLA‐A3, ‐A9, ‐B22 and ‐B27 and a significantly reduced frequency of HLA‐A1, ‐A8 and ‐B12 among Norwegian Sami compared with non‐Sami Norwegians. A recent study of Swedish Sami found that allele frequencies of the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DRB1 , ‐DQB1 and ‐DQA1 loci were significantly different in pairwise tests between northern Sami ( n = 154), southern Sami ( n = 130) and non‐Sami ( n = 252) Swedish cohorts (3). Some alleles that were common in Sami were also common in other European populations, whereas other alleles frequently found in Sami in the Swedish study were more characteristic of Asian populations (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile

et al. 2010

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This study reports extensive genomic data for both human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II loci in Norwegian Sami, a native population living in the northwest of Europe. The Sami have a distinct culture and their own languages, which belong to the Uralic linguistic family. Norwegian Sami (n = 200) were typed at the DNA level for the HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci, and compared with a non-Sami Norwegian population (n = 576). The two populations exhibited some common genetic features but also differed significantly at all HLA loci. The most significantly deviating allele frequencies were an increase of HLA-A*03, -B*27, -DRB1*08 and -DQB1*04 and a decrease of HLA-A*01, C*01, -DRB1*04 and -DQB1*02 among Sami compared with non-Sami Norwegians. The Sami showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The hypothesis of selective neutrality was rejected at all loci except for the A- and C- loci for the Sami. HLA haplotype frequencies also differed between the two populations. The most common extended HLA haplotypes were A*02-B*27-C*01-DR*08-DQB1*04 in the Sami and A*01-B*08-C*07-DR*03-DQB1*02 in the other Norwegians. Genetic distance analyses indicated that the Norwegian Sami were highly differentiated from other Europeans and were most closely related to Finns whose language also belongs to the Uralic linguistic family. In conclusion, the Norwegian Sami and the non-Sami Norwegians were significantly different at all HLA loci. Our results can be explained by the fact that the two populations have different origins and that the Sami population has remained smaller and more isolated than its neighbors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile

et al. 2010

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“…, 1997)], Chuvashes [A*03‐B*07‐DRB1*15‐DQB1*602, HF=4.9% (Arnaiz‐Villena et al. , 2003)], Swedish Sami [A*03‐B*07‐DRB1*15, HF=2.6% in Northern Sami and 4.2% in Southern Sami (Johansson et al. , 2008)] and the indigenous peoples of the Russian North –the Pomors (A*03:01‐B*07:02‐C*07:02, HF=7.7) and the Russian Saami (HF=6.4%) (Evseeva et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Chuvashes, another ethnic group, with a Finno‐Ugric component, demonstrate high frequencies of A*03‐B*35‐DRB1*01‐DQB1*05:01 [5.5% (Arnaiz‐Villena et al. , 2003)], as well as the Swedish Sami, who show A*03:01‐B*35:01‐DRB1*01:01 in 3.1% of the studied sample (Johansson et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals)

Суслова

Бурмистрова

Чернова

et al. 2012

Int J Immunogenetics

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We have characterized the HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 profiles of three major ethnic groups living in Chelyabinsk Region of Russian South Urals, viz., Russians (n = 207), Bashkirs (n = 146) and Tatars (n = 135). First field level typing was performed by PCR using sequence-specific primers. Estimates included carriage and gene frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and its significance and related values. Population comparisons were made between the allele family frequencies of the three populations and between these populations and 20 others using a dendrogram. Chelyabinsk Region Russians demonstrate all the features typical of a Caucasoid population, but also have some peculiarities. Together with Tatars, Russians have high frequencies of allele families and haplotypes characteristic of Finno-Ugric populations. This presupposes a Finno-Ugric impact on Russian and Tatar ethnogenesis. However, this was not apparent in Bashkirs, the first of the three populations to live in this territory, and implies admixture with populations of a Finno-Ugric origin with precursors of Russians and Tatars before they came to the South Urals. The Bashkirs appear close to Mongoloids in allele and haplotype distribution. However, Bashkirs cannot be labelled either as typical Mongoloids or as Caucasoids. Thus, Bashkirs possess some alleles and haplotypes frequent in Mongoloids, which supports the Turkic impact on Bashkir ethnogenesis, but also possess the AH 8.1 haplotype, which could evidence an ancient Caucasoid population that took part in their ethnic formation or of recent admixture with adjacent populations (Russians and Tatars). Bashkirs showed no features of populations with a substantial Finno-Ugric component, for example Chuvashes or Russian Saami. This disputes the commonly held belief of a Finno-Ugric origin for Bashkirs. Tatars appeared close to many European populations. However, they possessed some characteristics of Asiatic populations possibly reflecting a Mongoloid influence on Tatar ethnogenesis. Some aspects of HLA in Tatars appeared close to Chuvashes and Bulgarians, thus supporting the view that Tatars may be descendents of ancient Bulgars.

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“…They found further confirmation of an East Asian contribution to the Sámi gene pool in the Yakuts of Northeast Siberia; however, they do not sample any West Asian groups likely to be closer to the Sámi. Another study assumes that the northern and southern Swedish Sámi populations are descendents of an admixture event between "the ancestral European and ancestral Asian populations" (Johansson et al 2008). They find the Asian contribution to the Swedish Sámi gene pool to be 13 % as well as recent admixture between the southern Sámi and the non-Sámi Swedish population.…”

Section: Fig 2: Possible Route For Pre-sámi Into Finlandmentioning

confidence: 98%

At the frontier: Sámi linguistics gets a boost from outside

Weinstock¹

2015

New Trends in Nordic and General Linguistics

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The question of the origins of the Sámi people of Northern Scandinavia and Russia has long been contentious. How did they come to speak a Finno-Ugric language? A promising explanation has recently been put forth by Ante Aikio, viz. that speakers of Proto-Sámi merged with and assimilated ancient hunter-gatherers who had long inhabited the interior of the Scandinavian peninsula and whom Aikio calls Palaeo-Europeans. The present paper finds anthropological, archaeological and genetic evidence that helps corroborate Aikio's theory. There are numerous examples of mutually beneficial contacts between Sámi ancestors and other dwellers on the Scandinavian peninsula; for example, the Sámi produced commodities that were in demand among Germanic (Norwegians, Swedes) peoples living in Scandinavia. The Sámi siida system of relatively small groups opened them to outside influence from Proto-Sámi speakers. Finally, phylogenetic evidence confirms the widespread contacts between the Sámi and others as well as the mutual influence between groups.

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Genetic origin of the Swedish Sami inferred from HLA class I and class II allele frequencies

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile

Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile

HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals)

At the frontier: Sámi linguistics gets a boost from outside

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