Genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 in Turkish alcoholics: lack of association with alcoholism and alcoholic cirrhosis

Abstract

No data exists regarding the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene polymorphisms in Turkish alcoholic cirrhotics. We studied the polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes in alcoholic cirrhotics and compared the results with non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers. Overall, 237 subjects were included for the study: 156 alcoholic patients (78 cirrhotics, 78 non-cirrhotic alcoholics) and 81 healthy volunteers. Three different single-nucleotide-polymorphism genotyping methods were used. ADH1C genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The identified ADH1C genotypes were named according to the presence or absence of the enzyme restriction sites. ADH1B (Arg47Hys) genotyping was performed using the allele specific primer extension method, and ALDH2 (Glu487Lys) genotyping was performed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction using two allele-specific primer pairs. For ADH1B, the frequency of allele *1 in the cirrhotics, non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers was 97.4%, 94.9% and 99.4%, respectively. For ADH1C, the frequency of allele *1 in the cirrhotics, non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers was 47%, 36.3% and 45%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the groups for ADH1B and ADH1C (p>0.05). All alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects (100%) had the allele *1 for ALDH2. The obtained results for ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH gene polymorphisms in the present study are similar to the results of Caucasian studies. ADH1B and ADH1C genetic variations are not related to the development of alcoholism or susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis. ALDH2 gene has no genetic variation in the Turkish population.

Association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene rs671 G>A polymorphism and alcoholic liver cirrhosis in southern Chinese Hakka population

“…The frequency of the ALDH2 G/G genotype was higher than the ALDH2 G/A genotype in ALC patients 15 . Whereas, some studies have showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the ALDH2 SNP rs671 polymorphism and ALC risk 16‐19 . According to the above studies, the results on the relationship between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and ALC are inconsistent.…”

“… 9 , 13 , 14 , 15 Whereas, some studies have showed that there was no relationship between the ALDH2 polymorphism and ALC risk. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 As for the studies on the relationship between ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and ALC, different sample sizes, inclusion criteria, regions, and ethnicities, as well as different standards of alcohol consumption, lead to different or even opposite results in such studies. 13 , 14 , 16 …”

Genetic Polymorphisms of Pharmacogenes among the Genetically Isolated Circassian Subpopulation from Jordan

“…The metabolic rate can be influenced by genetic variants within a specific gene, for example; ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) enzymes convert alcohol to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to acetate, which is influenced by functional polymorphisms within ADH1B, and this may increase the prevalence of alcoholic liver diseases [22]. In addition, many significant variants have been notified within the SLC19A1 gene from solute carrier family and were clinically functional including; rs1051266, rs12659 and rs1131596 [23].…”

First description and evaluation of SNPs in the ADH and ALDH genes in a population of alcoholics in Central-West Brazil

“…Currently, there are different international studies that correlate AUD with the occurrence of SNPs to ADH and ALDH genes; most of these studies were conducted in the Asian continent (Chiang et al, 2012;Lee, Chau, Yao, Wu, & Yin, 2006;Peng et al, 2002;Vatansever et al, 2015). In Brazil, however, there has been little research on this correlation.…”