Genetic population variation and phylogeny ofSinomenium acutum(Menispermaceae) in subtropical China through chloroplast marker

Abstract

Sinomenium acutum (Menispermaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, extensive harvesting for medicinal purposes has resulted in a sharp decline in its population. Genetic information is crucial for the proper exploitation and conservation of Sinomenium acutum, but little is known about it at present. In this study, we analyzed 77 samples from 4 populations using four non-coding regions (atpI-atpH, trnQ-5 ' rps16, trnH-psbA, and trnL-trnF) of chloroplast DNA and 14 haplotypes (from C1 to C14) were identified. C1 and C3 were common haplotypes, 2 which were shared by all populations, and C3 was an ancestral haplotype, the rest were rare haplotypes. Obvious phylogeographic structure was not existed inferred by G ST / N ST test. Mismatch distribution, Tajima's D and Fu's F S tests failed to support a rapid demographic expansion in Sinomenium acutum. AMOVA highlighted that the high level of genetic differentiation within population. Low genetic variation among populations illustrated gene flow was not restricted. Genetic diversity analyses demonstrated that the populations of Xuefeng, Dalou, and Daba Mountains were possible refugia localities of Sinomenium acutum. Based on this study, we proposed a preliminary protection strategy for it that C1, C3, C11 and C12 must be collected.These results offer an valuable and useful information for this species of population genetic study as well as further conservation.

Phylogenomics and phylogeography of Menispermum (Menispermaceae)

“…In this study, of the six newly proposed hotspot regions, with nucleotide diversity (Pi) values > 0.1 just four loci (trnH-psbA, ndhF-rpl32, trnK-rps16 & trnP-psaJ) are adequate to recover the monophyly of all genera and species that are represented by more than one individual (Table S3). This is encouraging and suggest that these markers will be useful candidate DNA barcodes for further studies on phylogeny and phylogeography of Menispermaceae (Barbosa-Filho et al, 2000;Singh and Bedi, 2016;He et al, 2018;Hina et al, 2020;Hao et al, 2022).…”

Phylogeography and Population History of Eleutharrhena macrocarpa (Tiliacoreae, Menispermaceae) in Southeast Asia’s Most Northerly Rainforests

“…Menispermaceae species are known to be outbreeding species which should result in reduced population differentiation. Sinomenium acutum populations were shown to have a high gene flow and low population differentiation, although refugia populations were identified by their higher genetic diversity (H T = 0.828, H S = 0.710, N ST < G ST , AMOVA within populations 83.62%, among populations 16.38% N m = 2.552) [18]. Tinospora cordifolia had relatively low genetic diversity but this study was only based on five individuals (H = 0.2114) [56].…”

“…et Wils. in subtropical China using chloroplast marker haplotypes [18], the genetic structure of Stephania yunnanensis H.S.Lo using DALP [19], and the link between Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. climatic refugia and genetic diversity in West Africa using AFLP and plastid markers [20].…”