Genetic Programming‐Based Empirical Model for Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation

Abstract

Genetic programming (GP) is presented as a new tool for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration by using daily atmospheric variables obtained from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) database. The variables employed in the model are daily solar radiation, daily mean temperature, average daily relative humidity and wind speed. The results obtained are compared to seven conventional reference evapotranspiration models including: (1) (7) the Turc method. Statistical measures such as average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, as well as criteria such as mean square error and determination coefficient are used to measure the performance of the model developed by employing GP. Statistics and scatter plots indicate that the new equation produces quite satisfactorily results and can be used as an alternative to the conventional models.

Estimation of Suspended Sediment Yield in Natural Rivers Using Machine-coded Linear Genetic Programming

“…Rabunal et al (2007) determined the unit hydrograph of a typical urban basin using GP and ANNs. Guven et al (2008) applied GP for estimation of reference evapotranspiration, Guven and Gunal (2008b) obtained a new formulation of local scour downstream of grade-control structures based on the GEP. More recently, Guven (2009) estimated the time series of daily flow rate in rivers using LGP, Guven et al (2009) presented LGP as an alternative tool in the prediction of scour depth around a circular pile due to waves in medium dense silt and sand bed, Azamathulla et al (2010) used GP to predict bridge pier scour, and Singh et al (2010) estimated the mean annual flood in Indian catchments by using a tree-based version of genetic programming: M5 tree model.…”

Gene Expression Programing for Estimating Suspended Sediment Yield in Middle Euphrates Basin, Turkey

“…GEP is an extension to GP that evolves computer programs of different sizes and shapes encoded in linear chromosomes of fixed length [27,28]. The chromosomes are composed of multiple genes, each gene encoding a smaller sub-program.…”

“…GP, which was first proposed by Koza [27], provides an alternative approach to problem solving where solutions of the problem are evolved rather than the problems being solved directly [28]. Gene expression programing (GEP) is a new variant of GP which was first introduced by Ferreira [29].…”

Gene-Expression Programming for the Development of a Stage-Discharge Curve of the Pahang River

“…Rabunal et al (2007) determined the unit hydrograph of a typical urban basin using GP and ANNs. Most recently, Aytek and Kisi (2008) applied GP for suspended sediment modeling, Guven et al (2007) applied GP for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration, Guven and Gunal (2008) predicted the depth and location of maximum scour downstream of grade-control structures, and Guven and Aytek (2009) presented stage-discharge relationships for the Schuylkill River at Berne, PA (USA) developed using GEP. Recent works by Azamathulla and Ghani (2011) on the prediction of longitudinal dispersion coefficients in streams using GP, Azamathulla et al (2010) on bridge pier scour and Zakaria et al (2010) on sediment transport confirm the suitability of applying GP and GEP for water resource engineering studies.…”