Genetic response of growth phases for abiotic environmental stress tolerance in cereal crop plants

Abstract

The yield potential and quality of main cereals crop plants including maize, wheat, rice and barley have improved through breeding and introduction of transgenic crop plants from last three decades. There has been intensive research for the improvement of resistance against biotic and abiotic environmental conditions to safe the potential of cereal crop plants. Among abiotic stresses drought and heat are two most important abiotic factors which caused major loss in yield and quality of crop plants. The heat stress leads towards drought due to loss of water from soil and plant surfaces, therefore drought and heat caused combined adverse effects on plant morphological, physiological and yield traits which leads to reduce crop plant potential. There has been always an interaction among the environmental conditions and crop plants to produce grain and restore productivity. The drought and heat stress caused changes at cellular level, molecular changes and gene expression changes in cereals at various vegetative and reproductive stages/phases of crop growth and development. A large number of genes have indentified in cereals which switch up-regulated and down-regulated during drought and heat stress conditions. However, there is a need to improve resistance in cereals at gene level to maintain potential of yield and quality under abiotic stress conditions like drought, heat, salinity, and cold.

Analysis of Hyperosmotic Tolerance Mechanisms in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Based on Weighted Co-Expression Network Analysis

“…The expression of LXC003712 and the rest of the genes involved in carbon fixation by photosynthesis were also upregulated in strain X5 of 60‰ ( Figure 10 ). According to previous reports, the expression of the genes involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation are also upregulated in higher plants exposed to abiotic stresses (e.g., high salt, high osmotic pressure) that affect photosynthesis [ 47 , 48 ]. This suggested that the red alga G. lemaneiformis may have a mode of regulation that is similar to that of higher plants in response to similar stresses.…”

Revolutionizing Plant Breeding Programs With Advancements in Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

“…Plant breeding programs depend on having a lot of different genetic material to choose from. Finding and using different strains to hybridize with elite cultivars is important for increasing the genetic base of core breeding materials (Aaliya et al, 2016;Ali and Malik, 2021;Juma et al, 2021;Mazhar et al, 2020;Mustafa et al, 2018;Naseem et al, 2020). Much research has been done on the genetic diversity of breeding materials for different crops.…”

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Source–Sink Organs in Wheat and Phosphorus Mitigation Strategies

“…LTS results in short statured spikes, reduced number of spikelets, pollination failure, poor grain filling, and inadequate seed setting (Liu et al, 2019a). Wheat plant's upper spikelets turns pale yellow or partially dies on exposure to LTS at booting stage (Kodra et al, 2011;Sanghera et al, 2011) abnormal pollen and ovule development, leading to pollen inactivation, floret sterility, and eventually cause abortion (Ali and Malik, 2021). Denatured spikelets, reduced assimilate transport, decreased dry matter accumulation, and poor grain yield are all consequences of LTS (Whaley et al, 2004).…”