Genetic responses of the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to short-wavelength UV light

Wood, Eric R.; Ghane, Farnaz; Grogan, Dennis W.

doi:10.1128/jb.179.18.5693-5698.1997

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results showed that T. kodakaraensis cells are originally more sensitive to UV, as compared to other archaeal species, such as S. solfataricus (Wood et al, 1997), H. volcani (McCready, 1996, and Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 (Baliga et al, 2004), and are also more sensitive than typical model organisms, such as E. coli (Shibata et al, 2005), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hishida et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic analysis of DNA repair in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis

Fujikane

Ishino

et al. 2010

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Extensive biochemical and structural analyses have been performed on the putative DNA repair proteins of hyperthermophilic archaea, in contrast to the few genetic analyses of the genes encoding these proteins. Accordingly, little is known about the repair pathways used by archaeal cells at high temperature. Here, we attempted to disrupt the genes encoding the potential repair proteins in the genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. We succeeded in isolating null mutants of the hjc, hef, hjm, xpb, and xpd genes, but not the radA, rad50, mre11, herA, nurA, and xpg/fen1 genes. Phenotypic analyses of the gene-disrupted strains showed that the xpb and xpd null mutants are only slightly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and mitomycin C (MMC), as compared with the wild-type strain. The hjm null mutant showed sensitivity specifically to mitomycin C. On the other hand, the null mutants of the hjc gene lacked increasing sensitivity to any type of DNA damage. The Hef protein is particularly important for maintaining genome homeostasis, by functioning in the repair of a wide variety of DNA damage in T. kodakaraensis cells. Deletion of the entire hef gene or of the segments encoding either its nuclease or helicase domain produced similar phenotypes. The high sensitivity of the Δhef mutants to MMC suggests that Hef performs a critical function in the repair process of DNA interstrand crosslinks. These damage-sensitivity profiles suggest that the archaeal DNA repair system has processes depending on repair-related proteins different from those of eukaryotic and bacterial DNA repair systems using homologous repair proteins analyzed here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic analysis of DNA repair in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis

Fujikane

Ishino

et al. 2010

Genes Genet. Syst.

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“…Among thermophilic archaea, the greatest number of genetic processes occur in members of the genus Sulfolobus ; for example, spontaneous mutation (Jacobs & Grogan, 1997), UV-induced mutation (Wood et al, 1997) and photoreactivation (Grogan, 1997) have been studied in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Moreover, S. acidocaldarius spontaneously exchanges and recombines chromosomal genetic markers (Grogan, 1996a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal marker exchange in the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: physiological and cellular aspects

Ghane

Grogan

1998

Microbiology

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Exchange and recombination of chromosomal markers is an intrinsic genetic property of the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius that has not been thoroughly characterized. T o clarify the mechanism and experimental usefulness of this process, the frequency of 5. acidocaldarius prototrophs produced from mixtures of two pyrimidine auxotrophs under a variety of conditions was determined. The apparent efficiency of genetic exchange was essentially independent of the density of cells deposited on the surface of solid media. Furthermore, recombinant formation could initiate in liquid suspensions, as indieated by high recombinant frequencies resulting from mixtures plated at low cell densities, and the formation of recombinants a t equal or higher frequencies in liquid suspensions that were never plated. Apparent initiation of genetic exchange in liquid a t 22 "C was not prevented by DNase, prior digestion of parental cells with protease from Streptomyces griseus, or any other non-lethal chemical agent tested. The results support prior indications that chromosomal marker exchange in S. acidocaldarius proceeds via conjugation, and further indicate that this conjugation can initiate quickly in dilute liquid suspension. The mating system of S. acidocaldarius thus appears physiologically distinct from that of Haloferax volcanii but perhaps similar to conjugational transfer of Sulfolobus plasmid pNOB8. The frequency of recombinants formed in these assays (10'4-10'5 per c.f.u.) greatly exceeds the number of spontaneous forward mutational events per generation for biosynthetic genes in S. acidocaldarius. This suggests that chromosomal exchange has the potential to influence the genetic dynamics of natural Sulfolobus populations.

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“…Most organisms repair these lesions in two ways-lightdependent photoreactivation catalyzed by a photolyase, and light-independent nucleotide excision repair (NER). Although both mechanisms can repair the two kinds of damage, photoreactivation is more efficient in repairing CPDs, whereas NER is more effective in repairing (6-4) photoproducts (Friedberg 1995).Several archaea, including Halobacterium NRC-1, are capable of photoreactivation (McCready 1996;Wood et al 1997). Of the two photolyase-homologs, phr1 and phr2, in Halobacterium NRC-1, at least one, phr2, encodes an active CPD photolyase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several archaea, including Halobacterium NRC-1, are capable of photoreactivation (McCready 1996;Wood et al 1997). Of the two photolyase-homologs, phr1 and phr2, in Halobacterium NRC-1, at least one, phr2, encodes an active CPD photolyase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systems Level Insights Into the Stress Response to UV Radiation in the Halophilic ArchaeonHalobacterium NRC-1

Baliga¹,

Bjork²,

Bonneau³

et al. 2004

Genome Res.

137

142

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We report a remarkably high UV-radiation resistance in the extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium NRC-1 withstanding up to 110 J/m 2 with no loss of viability. Gene knockout analysis in two putative photolyase-like genes (phr1 and phr2) implicated only phr2 in photoreactivation. The UV-response was further characterized by analyzing simultaneously, along with gene function and protein interactions inferred through comparative genomics approaches, mRNA changes for all 2400 genes during light and dark repair. In addition to photoreactivation, three other putative repair mechanisms were identified including d(CTAG) methylation-directed mismatch repair, four oxidative damage repair enzymes, and two proteases for eliminating damaged proteins. Moreover, a UV-induced down-regulation of many important metabolic functions was observed during light repair and seems to be a phenomenon shared by all three domains of life. The systems analysis has facilitated the assignment of putative functions to 26 of 33 key proteins in the UV response through sequence-based methods and/or similarities of their predicted three-dimensional structures to known structures in the PDB. Finally, the systems analysis has raised, through the integration of experimentally determined and computationally inferred data, many experimentally testable hypotheses that describe the metabolic and regulatory networks of Halobacterium NRC-1.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org. The sequence data from this study have been submitted to GEO under accession no. GSE1040.]Biological systems have evolved mechanisms to appropriately respond to environmental stresses that can damage proteins and DNA. Halobacterium NRC-1, for example, has evolved the capacity to withstand up to 4.5M salinity, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and oxidative stress in its natural environment. One such adaptation, the high-density of acidic residues on the surface of almost all halobacterial proteins, is believed to stabilize protein structure and function in high salt (Kennedy et al. 2001). It can also physically relocate to favorable environments using sensors for light, oxygen, and nutrients, and produce energy through respiration, fermentation, or phototrophy (Ng et al. 2000). We have previously reported a response mechanism in Halobacterium NRC-1 that coordinately regulates phototrophy and arginine fermentation, two major sources for anaerobic energy production. The effects of perturbing the function of a regulator in this response mechanism were observed throughout the metabolic network (Baliga et al. 2002).Systems approaches allow us to raise a whole series of hypotheses regarding the behavior of a system in response to a defined experimental perturbation. These hypotheses then stimulate iterative cycles of perturbations and analyses to verify these hypotheses. Here, we report a systems-level study on the behavior of Halobacterium NRC-1 upon UV-C irradiation. Shortwave ultraviolet light (UV-C) induces two types of mutagenic lesions in DNA-cyclobutane pyrimid...

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Genetic responses of the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to short-wavelength UV light

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic analysis of DNA repair in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis

Genetic analysis of DNA repair in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis

Chromosomal marker exchange in the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: physiological and cellular aspects

Systems Level Insights Into the Stress Response to UV Radiation in the Halophilic ArchaeonHalobacterium NRC-1

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