Genetic Revolutions in Relation to Speciation Phenomena: The Founding of New Populations

Carson, Hampton L.; Templeton, Alan R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.000525

Cited by 579 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…2A) Hybridization has generally been considered to play a minor role in the evolution of insular plants (19,45), even though there is usually a lack of genic barriers to hybridization between congeneric endemic species (46). In most cases, founder effect coupled with selection in different ecological zones has been regarded as the main evolutionary force in volcanic archipelagos (46,47). However, hybridization has also been implicated in the evolution of the silversword alliance, Bidens (Asteraceae), Scaevola (Goodeniaceae), and Pipturus (Urticaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands (48)(49)(50).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Francisco‐Ortega

Jansen

Santos‐Guerra

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

131

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Francisco‐Ortega

Jansen

Santos‐Guerra

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

131

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“…Because the divergence between D. simulans and D. mauritiana almost surely involved an island colonization, the study also provides information about the genetics of reproductive isolation in species that may have experienced population bottlenecks. This is relevant to the recent contention that reproductive isolation arising after colonization is based on genetic changes different from those occurring during conventional speciation (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetics of sexual isolation between two sibling species, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana.

Coyne

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauriiana are sibling species that show substantial sexual Isolation in one of their two reciprocal hybridizations. Genetic analysis reveals that in females this isolation is caused by at least one recessive gene on each autosome, while the X chromosome has little or no effect. Our results, combined with those of previous studies, show that in Drosophila the genetics of sexual isolation differs from that of postzygotic reproductive isolation, which invariably involves large effects of the X chromosome.

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“…In this model, the key role of the founder event is to reduce levels of heterozygosity that subsequently affect the nature of coadapted gene complexes (1). Other founder-effect models have since been developed (2,3), leading to much controversy surrounding the role of founder events in population differentiation (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic consequences of sequential founder events by an island-colonizing bird

Clegg

Degnan

Kikkawa

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

297

317

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The importance of founder events in promoting evolutionary changes on islands has been a subject of long-running controversy. Resolution of this debate has been hindered by a lack of empirical evidence from naturally founded island populations. Here we undertake a genetic analysis of a series of historically documented, natural colonization events by the silvereye species-complex (Zosterops lateralis), a group used to illustrate the process of island colonization in the original founder effect model. Our results indicate that single founder events do not affect levels of heterozygosity or allelic diversity, nor do they result in immediate genetic differentiation between populations. Instead, four to five successive founder events are required before indices of diversity and divergence approach that seen in evolutionarily old forms. A Bayesian analysis based on computer simulation allows inferences to be made on the number of effective founders and indicates that founder effects are weak because island populations are established from relatively large flocks. Indeed, statistical support for a founder event model was not significantly higher than for a gradual-drift model for all recently colonized islands. Taken together, these results suggest that single colonization events in this species complex are rarely accompanied by severe founder effects, and multiple founder events and͞or long-term genetic drift have been of greater consequence for neutral genetic diversity.islands ͉ silvereyes ͉ colonization ͉ microsatellites T he idea that establishing a population from a small number of founders can result in a cascade of genetic changes leading to evolutionary differentiation was first developed by Mayr (1) in his seminal ''genetic revolution'' model. In this model, the key role of the founder event is to reduce levels of heterozygosity that subsequently affect the nature of coadapted gene complexes (1). Other founder-effect models have since been developed (2, 3), leading to much controversy surrounding the role of founder events in population differentiation (4-10).One way to estimate the likelihood that founder events play an important role in natural island systems is to determine whether neutral genetic changes occur abruptly (by means of initial founder events) or in a more gradual manner (by long-term drift and new mutations). The rate of genetic change can be estimated by comparing the level of neutral genetic variation in island populations that have been established over a range of time periods. Recently founded populations can be used to gauge the relative impact of drift associated with the founding event itself, whereas older populations will bear additional genetic consequences of persisting as relatively small populations over evolutionary time.

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Genetic Revolutions in Relation to Speciation Phenomena: The Founding of New Populations

Cited by 579 publications

References 51 publications

Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Genetics of sexual isolation between two sibling species, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana.

Genetic consequences of sequential founder events by an island-colonizing bird

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