Genetic Risk Factors for Development of Atopic Dermatitis: a Systematic Review

Yazd, Nazanin Kuseh Kalani; Patel, Ravi R; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Dunnick, Cory A.

doi:10.1007/s13671-017-0199-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In the past 2 years, 46 loci and 53 genes have been identified as risk factors for AE. 9 The majority of the genes identified are involved in the epidermal barrier, immune regulation and intercellular communication.…”

Section: Aetiology and Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

What’s new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2017. Part 2: epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

et al. 2019

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This article forms part of a series of annual updates that summarizes the evidence base for atopic eczema (AE). It provides a summary of key findings from 28 systematic reviews that were published or indexed during 2017, and focuses on the epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors of AE. AE is the largest single contributor to morbidity associated with skin disease worldwide, once mortality has been excluded. There is a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in individuals with AE and they take more sick leave than controls. While there is a lack of skin bacterial diversity in patients with AE, there is a relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Compared with controls, affected individuals more often show an IgE response to S. aureus antigens and have higher serum interleukin-31 levels. Early antibiotic exposure, environmental pollutants, maternal atopy and food allergy are associated with an increased risk of AE, and very preterm birth is associated with decreased risk. Patients with AE have a reduced risk of meningioma, but are more likely to develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with controls. Patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis are significantly more likely than unaffected individuals to have AE. There is no significant overall association between AE and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and in children referred for patch testing, ACD was more common in those without AE. Hand eczema is more prevalent in patients with AE. There is no association between AE and Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke or myocardial infarction.

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Section: Aetiology and Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

What’s new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2017. Part 2: epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

et al. 2019

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“…Filaggrin ( FLG ) loss‐of‐function variants are the most widely replicated risk factor for AD and yet are specific to certain populations. 5 Together, these studies reveal multiple genetic risk factors that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Additionally, the prevalence of AD continues to increase in industrial countries, suggesting increased exposure to environmental factors and associated lifestyles as potential risk factors for the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“… 2 , 3 Children who suffer from AD are at a greater risk of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis, collectively known as the “atopic march” of allergic hypersensitivity diseases. 4 To date, at least 34 genetic loci and 46 genes have been associated with AD risk in diverse populations worldwide (see review 5 ). Filaggrin ( FLG ) loss‐of‐function variants are the most widely replicated risk factor for AD and yet are specific to certain populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis

Schmidt

Strong

2021

Experimental Dermatology

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by skin barrier disruption and altered immune response. 1 Patients with AD, also known as eczema, exhibit dry skin with an intense itch component (pruritus). Up to 20% of the paediatric population and 1%-3% of the adult population are affected worldwide. 2,3 Children who suffer from AD are at a greater risk of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis, collectively known as the "atopic march" of allergic hypersensitivity diseases. 4 To date, at least 34 genetic loci and 46 genes have been associated with AD risk in diverse populations worldwide (see review 5 ). Filaggrin (FLG) loss-offunction variants are the most widely replicated risk factor for AD and yet are specific to certain populations. 5 Together, these studies reveal multiple genetic risk factors that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Additionally, the prevalence of AD continues to increase in

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“…The high levels of IgE in the blood and the infiltration of eosinophils into the inflammatory skin tissue are the major pathophysiological characteristics for AD patients and are mainly attributable to Th2‐type inflammatory events with a high secretion of Th2‐type cytokines such as TSLP, IL‐4, and IL‐6 . Genetic predispositions including “genetic immunology type” such as TSLP and IL‐4 and “genetic barrier type” such as filaggrin along with environmental factors play roles in the development and resolving of AD …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new eczema‐like reconstructed skin equivalent for testing child atopic dermatitis–relieving cosmetics

Gu¹,

Zhu²,

Jia³

et al. 2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Objective Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, and it has serious effects on children's and families’ quality of life. We aimed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of different formulas on relieving of atopic dermatitis clinical symptoms by developing an eczema‐like reconstructed human skin equivalent in vitro. Method Some research has reported that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. We developed an eczema‐like in vitro skin equivalent by coculturing the cocktails polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid sodium salt (poly(I:C)) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The eczema‐like skin equivalent was characterized by overexpression of TSLP and impaired skin barrier function. Three cosmetic formulas with the potential of anti‐inflammation and skin barrier promotion were topically applied onto the eczema‐like skin equivalent, mimicking in vivo application. The inhibitory effect on TSLP was examined by ELISA. Effects on tissue viability and skin barrier function were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Conclusion The results show that eczema‐like skin equivalent induced by cocktails of poly(I:C) and LPS can mimic the skin characters of the atopic dermatitis. The cocktails can induce high TSLP expression, impaired cell viability, and skin barrier function. The cosmetic formulas with the potential of anti‐inflammation and skin barrier promotion were evaluated to be helpful to decrease and relieve the impact of AD with the decreased TSLP and the higher tissue viability than the eczema‐like skin equivalent without any cosmetic application. The eczema‐like skin equivalent can be used to screen and evaluate formulas on AD relieving.

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Genetic Risk Factors for Development of Atopic Dermatitis: a Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 84 publications

What’s new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2017. Part 2: epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

What’s new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2017. Part 2: epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis

Development of a new eczema‐like reconstructed skin equivalent for testing child atopic dermatitis–relieving cosmetics

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