Genetic structure analysis of populations of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, from north China

Abstract

To elucidate the genetic differentiation of the host populations ofHeterodera glycines, 348 individuals from 13 populations of three host plants (Nicotiana tabacum,Glycine maxandRehmannia glutinosa) in north China were genotyped using eight microsatellite loci. A significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Fis) was found in all populations. BOTTLENECK results showed that only three populations (ZT, CR, and MR) may have experienced a genetic bottleneck. The pairwiseFSTvalues among the three host populations ranged from 0.0503 to 0.2867. There was no significant relationship between the genetic distance and geographical distance. STRUCTURE analyses suggest thatR. glutinosamight have important influence on the genetic differentiation ofH. glycinesin north China. Our study demonstrates thatH. glycinesis an inbred species that is highly genetic differentiated.

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

“…worldwide, posing a serious threat to the sustainability of the soybean industry (Kim et al, ; Koenning & Wrather, ; Woo et al, ). SCN is estimated to cause annual yield losses of more than $1.2 billion in the United States (Koenning & Wrather, ) and more than $120 million in China (Wang, Zhao, & Chu, ). Moreover, increased virulence of SCN has been observed, and the dominant races appear to be shifting (Howland, Monnig, Mathesius, Nathan, & Mitchum, ; Hua et al, ; Lian et al, ).…”

Identification of MicroRNAs That Respond to Soybean Cyst Nematode Infection in Early Stages in Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Cultivars

“…Several miRNAome sequencing experiments have since been conducted to investigate how plant miRNAs change when the plant is infected by parasitic nematodes, including studies on Arabidopsis infected with the root knot nematode M. javanica [39], Arabidopsis infected with M. incognita [22], tomato infected with the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis [40], and tomato infected with M. incognita [41]. Soybean cyst nematodes are one of the most devastating pathogens of soybean, casing heavy losses to soybean production worldwide [2,3]. To understand the function of miRNAs displayed during soybean SCN infection, three miRNAome changes experiments were conducted by SCN researchers.…”

“…Soybean yield is negatively impacted by several soybean pathogens, such as soybean mosaic virus, Pseudomonas syringae , Phytophthora sojae , Phakopsora pachyrhizi , and Heterodera glycines [1]. Among these, Heterodera glycines , also known as soybean cyst nematode (SCN), causes heavy losses in soybean production of over 120 million USD in China [2] and 1.2 billion USD in the United States [3], making it the most damaging soybean pest worldwide. Therefore, how to restrict the soybean yield losses caused by SCN is a worldwide problem wherever soybean is grown.…”

Evidence of strong gene flow among French populations of the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae

“…Such heterozygote deficit was previously highlighted for several cyst nematode species at the field scale, for G. pallida (Picard et al , ), H. schachtii (Plantard & Porte, ), G. tabacum (Alenda et al , ). H. glycines (Wang et al , ), H. avenae (Wang et al , ) and H. carotae (Gautier et al , ), and at the plant scale for G. pallida , G. tabacum and H. schachtii (Montarry et al , ). As for G. tabacum and H. schachtii , which also produce several generations per growing season, the heterozygote deficit of H. carotae populations was mainly attributed to substructure (Wahlund effect) at the spatial scale of the carrot rhizosphere.…”