Genetic structure of coexisting wild and managed agave populations: implications for the evolution of plants under domestication

Figueredo, Carmen J.; Casas, Alejandro; González‐Rodríguez, Antonio; Nassar, Jafet M.; Colunga‐GarcíaMarín, Patricia; Rocha‐Ramírez, Víctor

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv114

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, most studies on the Agave genus have been carried out at the population level using DNA fingerprint markers. Using microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs), Figueredo et al (2015) found that A. inaequides (used for mezcal and pulque production) shows high genetic diversity and low structuring and that genetic diversity was mainly associated with the environment or the samples' region of origin. This could imply that there is variability among populations of landraces or throughout their geographic distribution, which highlights the need to carry out further studies on their morphological and genetic diversity throughout their geographic distribution.…”

Section: Genetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Diversity and Genetic Relationships in Pulque Production Agaves in Tlaxcala, Mexico, by Means of Unsupervised Learning and Gene Sequencing Analysis

et al. 2020

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Pulque is one of the oldest fermented beverages, with its origins dating back to pre-Hispanic Mexico. Recently, public consumption has increased. However, the majority of Agave plantations for pulque production have disappeared or been abandoned in recent decades. To create strategies for the conservation and production of pulque agaves, it is necessary to first determine their taxonomic identities and to better understand their genetic and morphological diversity. Despite the historical importance of pulque in Mexico, little attention has been placed on the study of Agave plants used for its production. Therefore, we analyzed the morphological diversity of vegetative characters of nine landraces of two Agave species (A. salmiana and A. mapisaga) which are widely cultivated for pulque production in Tlaxcala, Mexico. The analysis of morphological characters showed that the landraces largely clustered based on classic taxonomic relationships. One cluster of landraces associated with Agave mapisaga var. mapisaga and another with A. salmiana subsp. salmiana, but with the exception of A. salmiana subsp. salmiana "Ayoteco", which is more closely related with A. mapisaga var. mapisaga. Additionally, we analyzed the genetic relationships between 14 landraces and wild individuals using molecular markers (trnL and ITS). The identified genetic variants or haplotypes and genetic pools mainly corresponded with the species. In the case of "Ayoteco", incongruence between markers was observed. Low selection intensity, genetic flow events, and the plasticity of morphological traits may explain the high number of landraces without clear differences in their morphological diversity (vegetative characters) or genetic pools. The use of reproductive traits and massive sequencing might be useful for identifying possible morphological and genetic changes in the Agave landraces used for pulque production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity and Genetic Relationships in Pulque Production Agaves in Tlaxcala, Mexico, by Means of Unsupervised Learning and Gene Sequencing Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…However, it has great repercussion on decreasing genetic variation, which in turn determines low capacity of resistance against pests and effects of climate change. Exclusive sexual reproduction of A. inaequidens allows and enhances the conservation of high levels of genetic variation, as shown in recent studies (Figueredo et al, 2015;Figueredo-Urbina et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussion Population Dynamics and Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Integral Projection Models and Sustainable Forest Management of Agave inaequidens in Western Mexico

Torres-García

León-Jacinto²,

Vega

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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In México, at least 37 Agave species are extracted from wild populations for producing distilled spirits. This activity involves harvesting mature agaves just before producing their inflorescences, which cancels sexual reproduction of plants used. The increasing demand of agaves spirits in national and international markets is determining a strong pressure on wild populations, most of them lacking adequate management. In addition, the dynamics of agave populations may be affected by natural phenomena like oscillation of rainfall regimes, which affects the recruitment of agave seedlings, or the scarcity of pollinators that may affect seed production and general population dynamics. We studied the demography of wild populations of Agave inaequidens to analyze critical conditions for populations recovery, modelling the effects of rainfall trends on the demographic performance of this species, and exploring response of populations to hypothetical extraction regimes and reforestation efforts. Our study was performed in four well-conserved wild populations in Central Western Mexico, each population was sampled in a plot of about one hectare composed by 10 subplots 50 x 5 m (2500 m 2 ). Populations were monitored yearly between 2011 and 2013, measuring plant size, reproductive individuals, and fecundity. Data were analyzed through integral projection models by using the IPMpack for R, to perform prospective analyses. We in addition constructed stochastic models to explore the possible influence of rainfall variation on species demography, using data for the drier and wetter years of the study period. Population growth varied from λ=1.003 to λ=0.899 among populations and years, and exceptionally λ=0.559 after a fire event. Low rainfall decreases λ values, indicating especial limitations to harvesting agaves during dry years whose frequency most probably will increase. In general, extraction rates from 10% to 30% of mature individuals are viable to maintain λ above 1, and these rates may be higher if new plants are introduced in populations. Depending on levels of extraction, our models suggest that it is necessary to carry out actions of reforestation, and in situ management according to the trends found in each site. This is one indispensable condition to maintain λ close to or greater than 1. Sustainable extraction of wild agaves is possible, some communities are already carrying out a repertoire of goods practices in this direction, but together with ecological criteria and good management techniques, strict regulations and social organization are needed to achieve it.

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“…We separate the analysis of management practices into two categories, according to the environment in which they are carried out, in accordance with the proposal of Casas et al (2007) and Figueredo et al (2015), as ex-situ (controlled sites in which the plant resource is extracted from its natural environment) and insitu (management practices carried out in wild environment).…”

Section: Forms Of Management and Expressions Of Exploitation Of Agavementioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional management of Agave used for mezcal and its associated knowledge: the case of Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, México

Pardo-Núñez¹,

Jiménez²

2019

JANRE

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Maybe the most known and diffused use of the Agave genus plants is the production of alcoholic beverages, being mezcal and tequila the most consumed. As a matter of fact, increased demand for these beverages has led to important pressures in the ecosystems from which the Agave is obtained. In the present article, we compare management practices carried out by mezcal producers in Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, comparing the state that produces the most volume of mezcal with a state that is new to that industry. We define management as "the interventions, transformations or decisions over natural or artificial systems, their elements and functional processes with explicit purposes", according with Casas et al (2014). We also explore the expressions of management, as ways to take advantage, preserve, restore or take back the vegetable elements of the ecosystem and the agroecosystem, finding important differences in terms of future sustainability for the alcoholic beverage industry.

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Genetic structure of coexisting wild and managed agave populations: implications for the evolution of plants under domestication

Cited by 39 publications

References 65 publications

Morphological Diversity and Genetic Relationships in Pulque Production Agaves in Tlaxcala, Mexico, by Means of Unsupervised Learning and Gene Sequencing Analysis

Morphological Diversity and Genetic Relationships in Pulque Production Agaves in Tlaxcala, Mexico, by Means of Unsupervised Learning and Gene Sequencing Analysis

Integral Projection Models and Sustainable Forest Management of Agave inaequidens in Western Mexico

Traditional management of Agave used for mezcal and its associated knowledge: the case of Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, México

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