Genetic structure of natural populations ofDryas iulia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) revealed by enzyme polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Abstract

Dryas iulia appears to have undergone a mode of evolution different from that of other members of its subfamily (Heliconiinae). While other species constitute highly subdivided and inbred populations, those of D. iulia are thought to be large and uniform. Analyzing six samples from Southern Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) in relation to three enzyme systems (EST, LAP, and PGM) and their mtDNA RFLP patterns, we found that they are very similar at the molecular level. The F statistics for enzyme polymorphism data revealed that inbreeding makes a great contribution to the population homozygosity, since FIS equals 0.1322 and FST equals 0.0023. Since the chi-square test showed that FST is not significant, we conclude that all localities belong to the same population. The mtDNA differentiation was about 12 times greater than for nuclear genes; FST was equivalent to 0.0265. We suggest that this difference is due to a higher dispersal of males, in relation to females.

Population Genetic Aspects of Pollinator Decline

“…Conversely, loci known to be under strong selection give widely divergent estimates of migration rate. However, good agreement among different types of genetic markers is far from routine (e.g., see Haag et al 1993). It must be acknowledged that the kind of detailed analysis of the biasing role of selection on measured gene flow estimates, as considered by Ross et al (1999), is very rarely undertaken, Most of the estimates that we have found did not investigate whether selection was acting upon any of the loci.…”

Phylogeography of the Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the UK

“…Females were also found to move further in Pmclossiana eunomia (Barascud et al, 1999). In Boloria aquilonaris on the other hand, males travelled larger distances (the maximum being 1270 m (Mousson, Neve & Baguette, 1999), as was the case with Dryas iulia (Haag, de Araujo & Zaha, 1993) where males were thought to disperse five times more than females. Mark-release-recapture studies rarely detect long distance movements, so these figures as dispersal estimates are inevitably too small.…”

The occurrence of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2sequence alterations in Slovenian population

“…In butterflies, as in other organisms, the nature and extent of gene flow is largely dependent on the mobility of individuals. Species with high vagility may disperse over large distances and therefore have extensive gene flow over large areas resulting in more homogeneous populations [5-8], whereas in species with low vagility, the effect of restricted dispersal will be evident at fine spatial scales [9-11]. Furthermore, gene flow may also be affected by a variety of ecological factors such as mating habits, gender-biased dispersal, diet specialization, habitat and population persistence, environmental factors and geographic distance [12].…”