Genetic toxicology of phthalate esters: mutagenic and other genotoxic effects.

Douglas, George R.; Hugenholtz, A.P.; Blakey, David H.

doi:10.1289/ehp.8665255

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Genotoxic effects of phthalates have also been observed at the higher concentrations by other studies [ 36 – 38 ]. Genotoxic effects at higher concentrations might be due to indirect genotoxic effects subsequently from primary toxicity, impurities, or limited solubility, whereas no mutagenic effects were observed by the phthalates by using the bacterial strains of Salmonella typhimurium [ 39 ], and no genotoxicity was observed by the phthalate esters even at a higher level [ 24 ]. Phthalate and their alternatives even induced DNA methylation [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes

Ali

Sahar

Firyal

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Recently, there have been numerous reports showing that phthalates have negative human health impacts and may cause several diseases such as asthma, breast cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, and male infertility. Animals are also exposed to phthalates through the environment and can cause adverse health effects on them. Several studies have been found on the cytogenetic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on different organisms but no documented evidence has been found on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on bovine cultured lymphocytes. MTT assay was performed on different series of DBP concentrations (10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM, 70 μM, 100 μM). A concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed by the DBP. The LD50, LD50/2, and 2 ∗ LD50 were found to be 50 μM, 30 μM, and 80 μM on bovine lymphocytes, respectively. Then, these concentrations of DBP were utilized to perform comet, micronucleus assays, and oxidative stress. A concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage, oxidative stress, and micronuclei formation was observed in lymphocytes by the DBP as compared to the control group. Highest genotoxic effects were observed at a concentration of 2 ∗ LD50. Similarly, total oxidative stress was found higher, and antioxidative stress was lower in concentration-dependent manner by the DBP. The current study revealed a significant cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress of DBP on cultured bovine lymphocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes

Ali

Sahar

Firyal

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…The testicular toxicity of DEHP has been acknowledged since the 1940s [Shaffer et al, 1945;Autian, 1972]. The Sertoli cells are the likely target for male reproductive toxicity of DEHP and MEHP [Agarwal, 1986;Douglas, 1986]. Early studies in adult animals found that high levels of DEHP exposure (0.9±20 g/kg body weight per day) resulted in dose-dependent atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and testes, resulting in loss of spermatogenesis [Shaffer et al, 1945 as cited in Autian, 1972;Syracuse Research, 1982;Agarwal et al, 1986].…”

Section: Testicular Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks posed by use of Di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC medical devices: A critical review

et al. 2001

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Background Polyvinyl chloride plastics (PVC), made¯exible through the addition of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), are used in the production of a wide array of medical devices. From the late 1960s, leaching of DEHP from PVC medical devices and ultimate tissue deposition have been documented. Methods A critical review of DEHP exposure, metabolism, and toxicity data from human and animals studies was undertaken. A brief analysis of alternatives to DEHP-plasticized PVC for use in medical device manufacture was completed. Results DEHP leaches in varying concentrations into solutions stored in PVC medical devices. Certain populations, including dialysis patients and hemophiliacs may have long-term exposures to clinically important doses of DEHP, while others, such as neonates and the developing fetus, may have exposures at critical points in development. In vivo and in vitro research links DEHP or its metabolites to a range of adverse effects in the liver, reproductive tract, kidneys, lungs, and heart. Developing animals are particularly susceptible to effects on the reproductive system. Some adverse effects in animal studies occur at levels of exposure experienced by patients in certain clinical settings. DEHP appears to pose a relatively low risk of hepatic cancer in humans. However, given lingering uncertainties about the relevance of the mechanism of action of carcinogenic effects in rodents for humans and interindividual variability, the possibility of DEHPrelated carcinogenic responses in humans cannot be ruled out.Conclusions The observed toxicity of DEHP and availability of alternatives to many DEHP-containing PVC medical devices presents a compelling argument for moving assertively, but carefully, to the substitution of other materials for PVC in medical devices. The substitution of other materials for PVC would have an added worker and community health bene®t of reducing population exposures to DEHP, reducing the creation of dioxin from PVC production and disposal, and reducing risks from vinyl chloride monomer exposure.

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“…As a result of the widespread and abundant use of PAEs, they have been widely dispersed and detected in waters and sediments (1). The toxicity or biological effects of PAEs have been reported (2,3); therefore, it is very important to establish a method for removal of PAEs from wastewater and sediments. Some kinds of removal methods for PAEs, such as biodegradation, coagulation, or adsorption, have been reported to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Phthalic Acid Esters from Aqueous Solution by Inclusion and Adsorption on β-Cyclodextrin

Murai

Imajo

Takasu

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Removal of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) by the formation of inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solution was studied. According to the measure ments of fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, it was confirmed that PAEs were included into the β-CD cavity. The stability constants of the β-CDPAE complexes were varied depending on the alkyl chain length of the PAEs. The adsorption isotherms of PAEs and β-CD polymer (β-CDP) were well described by Freundlich isotherm equations, and the adsorption capacity varied according to the stability constant. PAEs were well adsorbed by β-CDP both in batch and in a column system, and the PAEs were also released from β-CDP by shaking with a mixture of methanol and water. The recovery efficiency was varied with the mixture ratio of methanol and water, and the recovered β-CDP was reusable as an adsorbent.

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Genetic toxicology of phthalate esters: mutagenic and other genotoxic effects.

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes

Health risks posed by use of Di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC medical devices: A critical review

Removal of Phthalic Acid Esters from Aqueous Solution by Inclusion and Adsorption on β-Cyclodextrin

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