Genetic variability and molecular typing of Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Canada

Preston, M A; Borczyk, A

doi:10.1128/jcm.32.6.1427-1430.1994

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additionally, serological analysis cannot be considered alone since strains of the same serotype can be obtained from different geographical regions, which have been exposed to pressure-selection changes in both their phenotypic and genotypic properties [33]. Plasmid fingerprinting [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], antibiotic profiles [33,34,38,[40][41][42], analysis of the rRNA gene restriction patterns [43][44][45][46][47], phage typing [48,49], genomic DNA analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) [20,50], pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA samples [32,35,45,51] and distribution of insertion sequences [32] have provided alternative techniques for shigella epidemiology. Individually, each assay has limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

et al. 2004

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A year-long community-based study of diarrhoeal diseases was conducted in Canto Grande, a periurban community in Lima, Peru. In 109 (34%) houses out of 323 that were visited, at least one individual was detected with shigellosis. The frequency of the 161 shigella isolates obtained was as follows: 117 S. flexneri (73%), 21 S. boydii (13%), 15 S. dysenteriae (9%), and 8 S. sonnei (5%). Using a non-radioactive ipaH gene probe as a molecular epidemiological tool, a total of 41 S. flexneri strains were shown to be distributed in 25 intra-family comparisons by pairs (icp). Further subdivision, based on a comparison of the serotype, plasmid profile, antibiotic resistances and ipaH hybridization patterns indicated that Group I, with 11 icp (44%), had strains that were identical. Group II with 8 icp (32%), had strains that were different and Group III with 6 icp (24%), had strains with the same serotype and identical ipaH profiles but with differences in other markers. This data indicates that a diversity of shigella clones circulated in this community resulting from both clonal spread and horizontal transfer of genetic elements. Furthermore, ipaH profiling of isolates can be used not only to differentiate between closely related shigella strains but also with other parameters, help to understand the dynamics of the generation of new clones of pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

et al. 2004

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“…Bacillary dysentery is an important cause of acute diarrheal disease in both developing and industrialized countries (1,2). The frequencies of Shigella sonnei were less than 10% of shigellosis in the 1980s, but the isolation rate of S. sonnei was sharply increased in the 1990s and accounted for over 95% of cases in Korea after 1998 (3,4).…”

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Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei in Korea during the last two decades^Note

Lee

Kim

et al. 2001

APMIS

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Eighty-eight strains of Shigella sonnei isolated in Korea during the period 1980 to 1999 were tested for susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. S. sonnei isolates demonstrated high frequencies of resistance to sulfamethoxazole (97.7%), tetracycline (96.6%), and trimethoprim (95.5%). S. sonnei isolates from the 1990s were more resistant to nalidixic acid than isolates from the 1980s (100 vs 7.7%), while isolates from the 1990s were more susceptible to chloramphenicol than isolates from the 1980s (0 vs 100%). Ampicillin-resistant S. sonnei isolates produced the TEM-1 beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.4. The TEM-1 gene was located on conjugally transferable plasmids in the majority of isolates. S. sonnei isolates were all susceptible to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin. These results indicate that cephalosporins and quinolones may be alternative antibiotics for the treatment of S. sonnei infections in Korea.

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“…Worldwide, it is estimated that shigellosis causes around 600,000 deaths per year, two-thirds of the deceased being children under 10 years of age. Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri are the predominant species in the tropics, while Shigella sonnei is the predominant species in industrialized countries (18).…”

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Typing and Characterization of Mechanisms of Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Feces of Children under 5 Years of Age from Ifakara, Tanzania

Navia¹,

Capitano²,

Ruiz³

et al. 1999

J Clin Microbiol

105

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Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into four groups, by either PFGE or REP-PCR, with 51, 17, 7, and 3 strains. The four strains of Shigella dysenteriae belonged to the same group, and the four strains ofShigella sonnei were distributed in two groups with three and one strain each. Plasmid analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same PFGE group, while the antibiogram was less discriminative. REP-PCR provided an alternative, rapid, powerful genotyping method for Shigella spp. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), tetracycline (96.9%), and co-trimoxazole (87.9%). Ampicillin resistance was related to an integron-borne OXA-1-type β-lactamase in 85.1% of the cases and to a TEM-1-type β-lactamase in the remaining 14.8%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was due to the presence of a dhfr Ia gene in all groups except one of S. flexneri, where a dhfr VII gene was found within an integron. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated in every case with positive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. All strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents may be good alternatives for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in Tanzania.

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Genetic variability and molecular typing of Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Canada

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei in Korea during the last two decades^Note

Typing and Characterization of Mechanisms of Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Feces of Children under 5 Years of Age from Ifakara, Tanzania

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Genetic variability and molecular typing of Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Canada

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei in Korea during the last two decadesNote

Typing and Characterization of Mechanisms of Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Feces of Children under 5 Years of Age from Ifakara, Tanzania

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Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei in Korea during the last two decades^Note