Genetic Variation and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Agronomic Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids

Abstract

In order to develop high-yielding genotypes of adapted maize, multilocation trials of maize were performed including forty-five maize hybrids exploiting genetic variability, trait associations, and diversity. The experiments were laid out in an RCB design and data were recorded on eight yield and yield-contributing traits, viz., days to anthesis (AD), days to silking (SD), anthesis–silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), kernels per ear (KPE), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and grain yield (GY). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation present among the different traits under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) showed a higher value than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), indicating the environmental influence on the expression of the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for these traits, indicative of additive gene action. The trait associations showed that genotypic correlation was higher than phenotypic correlation. Based on genetic diversity, the total genotypes were divided into four clusters, and the maximum number of 16 genotypes was found in cluster IV. Among the eight yield and yield-contributing traits, PH, ASI, EH, and TKW were the important traits for variability creation and were mostly responsible for yield. Genotypes G5, G8, G27, G29, and G42 were in the top ranks based on grain yield over locations, while a few others showed region-centric performances; all these genotypes can be recommended upon validation for commercial release. The present findings show the existence of proper genetic variability and divergence among traits, and the identified traits can be used in a maize improvement program.

Exploring the Phenotypic and Genetic Variabilities in Yield and Yield-Related Traits of the Diallel-Crossed F5 Population of Aus Rice

“…Consistently, the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) percentages of DM, PH, PL and TW traits were also higher than their corresponding environmental coefficient of variation (ECV) percentage (Table 2). Broad-sense heritability (H 2 ) captures the proportion of σ 2 p due to genetic effects and is expressed as the ratio of σ 2 g to σ 2 p [19]. In this study, H 2 exhibited a range of 65.37 to 96.31% in DM, PH, TW and PL traits (Table 2), indicating a substantial genetic influence contributing to the observed diversity within the Aus rice pop-ulation.…”

Heritability, genetic advance, and correlation studies of morpho-agronomic traits and brix in Burkina Faso sweet stalk sorghum genotypes

“…High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation for PHT and main panicle yield, moderate for panicle length, and low for the flowering date have also been reported [17,41]. The small difference between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for most traits, with the exception of SDI, may indicate a very low environmental influence on these traits [42] and a higher genetic control of their expression. The high heritability of these traits confirms the weak influence of environmental factors on their expression.…”

Study on the genetic variability and adaptability of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes for development of desirable cultivars

“…Genotypes collected from the same source didn't always fall into the same group, again differentially derived ones were included in the same group. It's indicated that the geographical distribution of the genotypes doesn't confirm the homogeneity [58,73]. Divergent groups were formed based on genotype performances in earlier studies [58,74].…”