Genetic variation, morphology and pathogenicity of Ceratocystis fimbriata on Hevea brasiliensis in Brazil

A host specialized form of Ceratocystis fimbriata causes seed and seedling blight on native Carapa guianensis (andiroba) in Amazonian rainforests

“…The fungus was grown on MYEA and incubated at 25 C for about 7 d before extracting DNA using the Wizard ® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega Inc. e Madison, USA) with the manufacturer's protocol as modified by Valdetaro et al (2015). The concentration of purified DNA was quantified with a Nanodrop 2000c ® (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Massachusetts, USA) and adjusted to 50e100 ng mL À1 .…”

“…Fourteen microsatellite loci developed by Steimel et al (2004) and later mapped onto the C. fimbriata genome (Simpson et al, 2013) were analyzed. These microsatellite markers have been widely used in studies of population structure involving species within the LAC, especially in other Brazilian populations (Engelbrecht et al, , 2007aFerreira et al, 2010Ferreira et al, , 2011Harrington et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Ocasio-Morales et al, 2007;Oliveira et al, 2015a;Valdetaro et al, 2015). Each primer pair was specific to the flanking region of a simple sequence repeat, and one of the primers was fluorescently labeled.…”

“…Relationships among representative genotypes (combinations of the alleles among the 14 microsatellite loci) from andiroba and other hosts of the LAC (Ferreira et al, 2010;Harrington et al, 2015;Oliveira et al, 2015aOliveira et al, , 2017Valdetaro et al, 2015) were examined in PAUP* (Swofford, 2003) using genetic distance (Nei's) matrices and UPGMA (unweigted pair group method with arithmetic mean) trees. Bootstrapping tests utilized 1000 replications.…”

“…It has been reported on planted Hevea brasiliensis M. Arg. (rubbertree) (Albuquerque et al, 1972;Valdetaro et al, 2015), but the C. fimbriata strains recovered from this host in Acre (Amazon Region) and Bahia (Northeastern Brazil) may not have been native to those areas (Valdetaro et al, 2015). The species causing wilt on Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) was found to be native to the Upper Amazon and was described as a distinct species (Ceratocystis cacaofunesta Engelbr.…”

Ceratocystiswilt and canker – a disease that compromises the growing of commercialAcacia-based plantations in the tropics

“…Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the ITS marker was unreliable (Al Adawi et al 2013;Naidoo et al 2013) and phylogenetic analyses based on four informative gene regions and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, could not distinguish these two species (Fourie et al 2015). As a result, C. acaciivora was considered synonymous with C. manginecans (Fourie et al 2015 (Firmino et al 2012;Harrington et al 2014;Valdetaro et al 2015;Oliveira et al 2016;Zhang et al 2017). Recent population genetic studies provide some evidence to support this view; isolates from kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.)…”