Genetic Variation of Energy Metabolism in Poultry

Luiting, P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3363-7_26

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…P ym and F arrell (1977) were unable to find significant changes in digestibility at generation 3 for unadjusted food intake in chickens, although a progressive depression in digestibility was observed in later generations of selection (P ym 1985) when digestibility dropped from 74% in generation 9 to 63% in generation 12. However, an extensive review of literature on poultry by L uiting (1987) showed a low heritability ( h 2 = 0.17) and a small coefficient of variation (3%) for digestibility. Differences in digestibility also fail to account for any significant proportion of the divergent food intake observed in this study, in the ‘M’ lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of selection on food intake in the adult mouse

Hastings

Moruppa

Bünger

et al. 1997

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Replicated lines of mice were selected High and Low for adjusted food intake and contemporaneous control lines were maintained. The selection criterion was food intake between 8 and 10 weeks, adjusted by phenotypic regression on mean body weight at 8 and 10 weeks of age to reduce correlated changes in body weight. Responses are given for the first 23 generations of selection, after which adjusted food intake had diverged by a factor of 1.7-1.95. A small correlated response in body weight occurred and mice from the High line were slightly heavier: at 10 weeks of age body weight had diverged by a factor of 1.09-1.11. The realized within-family heritability varied between the replicates from 0.16-0.27 from which a mean estimated mass selection heritability (h(2) = 0.35±0.05) was derived. Mice from the Low line were fatter, however not significantly, because of a High between replicate variance (p > 0.05). Differences in growth over the selection period may account for around 5% of the divergence and increased maintenance costs associated with the larger lean mass of the high lines may explain a further 5%. Mice from the High lines spilled significantly (p < 0.05) more food which accounted for 23% of the divergence in apparent food intake. The heat increment of feeding, brown adipose tissue activity and locomotor activity all appear to be unchanged. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Auswirkungen der Selektion auf Futteraufnahme in der adulten Maus In einem Experiment mit Wiederholungen wurden Mäuselinien auf hohe und niedrige korrigierte Futteraufnahme selektiert und korrespondierende Konttrollen gehalten. Das Selektionskriterium war die Futteraufnahme im Alter von 8 bis 10 Wochen, die mittels phänotypischer Regression korrigiert wurde, um die Körpermasse möglichst konstant zu halten. Der direkte Selektionserfolg über die ersten 23 Generationen ist beschrieben. Die Linien divergierten zu diesem Zeitpunkt bezüglich des Selektionsmerkmals um 70 bis 95%. In der Körpermasse trat ein geringfügiger korrelierter Selektionserfolg auf. Die Tiere der 'high'-Linie waren im Alter von 8 bis Wochen ca. um 6 bis 11% schwerer. Die realisierte Intra-Familien-Heritabilität variierte zwischen den Wiederholungen zwischen 0.16 und 0.27, woraus sich eine mittlerer Heritabilitätskoeffizient von h(2) = 0.35±0.05 für die Massenselektion ergab. Mäuse der 'low'-Linie hatten mit 10 Wochen 2.4% (P > 0.05) und mit 17 Wochen ca. 7% (P < 0.05%) mehr Fett. Mit Unterschieden im Wachstum lassen sich weniger als 5% der Linienunterschiede in der Futteraufnahme erklären. Der höhere Erhaltungsbedarf, der aus einer höheren fett-freien Körpermasse in der 'high'-Linie resultiert, könnte weitere 5% erklären. Tiere der 'high'-Linie verstreuten deutlich (P < 0.05) mehr Futter, worauf sich 23% der Divergenz in der scheinbaren Futteraufnahme zurückführen ließen. Die Aktivät des braunen Fettgewebes, die lokomotorische Aktivität und die fütterungsbedingte Wàrmeproduktion sind scheinbar unverändert.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of selection on food intake in the adult mouse

Hastings

Moruppa

Bünger

et al. 1997

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…Estimated heritabilities of both feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake for cattle, pigs, and poultry are typically in the range 0.3-0.5 (Luiting 1987;Korver 1988;Katle 1991;Mrode and Kennedy 1993;Veerkamp et al 1995;Archer et al 1999). There have been very few estimates of heritability for any FCE measures in fish.…”

Section: Problems With Genetic Parameter Estimates Of Fce Heritabilitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Genetic Improvement of Feed Conversion Efficiency in Fish

Doupé

Lymbery

2003

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) is the effectiveness with which feed is converted to saleable fish product. Feed costs are a major input to aquaculture production systems, and genetic improvement in FCE may therefore have an important influence on profitability. FCE is usually expressed by a composite measure that combines feed intake and growth rate. The two most common measures are feed conversion ratio (feed intake/weight gain over a specified time interval) and its inverse, feed efficiency. Feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency are measures of gross FCE, because they do not distinguish between the separate energy requirements of growth and maintenance. There is abundant evidence of substantial genetic variation in FCE and its component traits in terrestrial livestock species and, although data are few, the same is likely for cultured fish species. The major problems with selecting from this variation to genetically improve FCE in fish species are: It appears impractical to measure feed intake on individual fish, so that family mean data must be used. We do not know the optimal time period over which to test fish for FCE. We do not know the genetic correlations between FCE under apparent satiation or restricted intake conditions, or between FCE at different times in the production cycle. If these problems can be overcome, selection to improve FCE might be best achieved by measuring feed intake of growing animals, and by utilizing genetic correlations that are likely to exist between feed intake and other production traits to develop a weighted selection index.

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Energetics of Postnatal Growth

Weathers¹

1996

Avian Energetics and Nutritional Ecology

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Genetic Variation of Energy Metabolism in Poultry

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of selection on food intake in the adult mouse

Effects of selection on food intake in the adult mouse

Toward the Genetic Improvement of Feed Conversion Efficiency in Fish

Energetics of Postnatal Growth

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