Genetic variation of habitual coffee consumption and glycemic changes in response to weight-loss diet intervention: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial

Abstract

Background: Coffee consumption has been associated with glucose metabolism and risk of type 2 diabetes. Objective: We examined whether the genetic variation determining habitual coffee consumption affected glycemic changes in response to weight-loss dietary intervention. Design: A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 8 habitual coffee consumption-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used general linear models to test changes in glycemic traits in groups randomly assigned to high-and low-fat diets according to tertiles of the GRS. Results: We observed significant interactions between the GRS and low compared with high dietary fat intake on 6-mo changes in fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P-interaction = 0.023 and 0.022, respectively), adjusting for age, sex, race, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, seasonal variation, and baseline values of the respective outcomes. Participants with a higher GRS of habitual coffee consumption showed a greater reduction in fasting insulin and a marginally greater decrease in HOMA-IR in the low-fat diet intervention group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that participants with genetically determined high coffee consumption may benefit more by eating a low-fat diet in improving fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in a short term. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995 and NCT03258203.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:1321-6.

The relationship between coffee intake, obstructive sleep apnea risk, and type 2 diabetes glycemic control, in Tabuk City, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a case–control study

“…The effect of coffee consumption on plasma glucose is controversial [29]. The negative effects of coffee intake on insulin level, resistance, and blood glucose level seem to be genetically determined [30]. The present study showed no correlation between coffee intake and the glycated hemoglobin.…”

Coffee intake effects on obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes control, in Tabuk City, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a case-control study

“…The effects of coffee consumption on plasma glucose is controversial [29]. The negative effects of coffee intake on insulin level, resistance, and blood glucose level seem to be genetically determined [30] The present study showed no correlation between coffee intake and the glycated hemoglobin. Yarmolinsky et al [31] observed the protective effects of coffee consumption on diabetes mainly through the effect on postprandial blood glucose.…”

Correlations between Coffee Consumption and Metabolic Phenotypes, Plasma Folate, and Vitamin B12: NHANES 2003 to 2006

“…Besides caffeine, brewed coffee contains several bioactive compounds including polyphenols and diterpene alcohols such as cafestol and kahweol, which are associated with lower incidences of metabolic syndrome and CVD risk factors including high blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and homocysteine (Hcy) [ 15 , 17 , 24 , 25 ]. Epidemiological studies indicate that higher coffee consumption reduced the genetic associations with body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk and type 2 diabetes [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Gene–diet interaction analysis in three US prospective studies indicated that the higher consumption of coffee was associated with reduced obesity risk among individuals who were genetically predisposed to obesity as measured by 77 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [ 26 ].…”

“…Epidemiological studies indicate that higher coffee consumption reduced the genetic associations with body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk and type 2 diabetes [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Gene–diet interaction analysis in three US prospective studies indicated that the higher consumption of coffee was associated with reduced obesity risk among individuals who were genetically predisposed to obesity as measured by 77 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [ 26 ]. Similarly, in a weight loss intervention study, the genetic risk factors consisting of eight habitual coffee consumption-associated SNPs related to coffee and glucose metabolism was reduced by habitual coffee consumption [ 27 ].…”