Genetically modified crops: current status and future prospects

Kumar, K. Satheesh; Gambhir, Geetika; Dass, Abhishek; Tripathi, Amit Kumar; Singh, Alla; Jha, Abhishek; Yadava, Pranjal; Choudhary, Mukesh; Rakshit, Sujay

doi:10.1007/s00425-020-03372-8

Cited by 328 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…However, this approach is time-consuming and technically challenging ( 226 ). The recent development of new sequencing, phenotyping, and plant growth technologies has allowed researchers to overcome the limitations of this process ( 159 , 227 – 229 ).…”

Section: Engineering Plant Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular roadmap to the plant immune system

Bentham¹,

Concepcion²,

Mukhi³

et al. 2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

116

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Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests are a constant threat to global food security. Direct crop losses, and the measures used to control disease (e.g. application of pesticides), have significant agricultural, economic and societal impacts. Therefore, it is essential we understand the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system, a system which allows plants to resist attack from a wide variety of organisms ranging from viruses to insects. Here, we provide a roadmap to plant immunity, with a focus on cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. We describe how these receptors perceive signatures of pathogens and pests and initiate immune pathways. We merge existing concepts with new insights gained from recent breakthroughs on the structure and function of plant immune receptors, which have generated a shift in our understanding of cell-surface and intracellular immunity and the interplay between the two. Finally, we use our current understanding of the plant immunity as context to discuss the potential of engineering the plant immune system with the aim of bolstering plant defences against disease.

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Section: Engineering Plant Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular roadmap to the plant immune system

Bentham¹,

Concepcion²,

Mukhi³

et al. 2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

116

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“…Manipulation of gene cod for different oxidoreductase in plants can also change the characters of plants in a way that it increases productivity and resists adverse effects of herbicide and environmental changes. For example, modification of DNA for glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the CdN bond on the carboxyl side of glyphosate, resulting in the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate thereby augmented expression of GOX plants, results in glyphosate herbicide side effect tolerance [46,47]. Some families of oxidoreductase like xanthine dehydrogenase in plants are used to metabolize reactive oxygen species associated with plant-pathogen and protect plants from stress-induced oxidative damage.…”

Section: Oxidoreductase Enzymes In Agricultural Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Application and Disease of Oxidoreductase Enzymes

Habte¹,

Beyene²

2021

Oxidoreductase

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In biochemistry, oxidoreductase is a large group of enzymes that are involved in redox reaction in living organisms and in the laboratory. Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze reaction involving oxygen insertion, hydride transfer, proton extraction, and other essential steps. There are a number of metabolic pathways like glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, drug transformation and detoxification in liver, photosynthesis in chloroplast of plants, etc. that require the direct involvements of oxidoreductase enzymes. In addition, degradation of old and unnecessary endogenous biomolecules is catalyzed by a family of oxidoreductase enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidoreductase. Oxidoreductase enzymes use NAD, FAD, or NADP as a cofactor and their efficiency, specificity, good biodegradability, and being studied well make it fit well for industrial applications. In the near future, oxidoreductase may be utilized as the best biocatalyst in pharmaceutical, food processing, and other industries. Oxidoreductase play a significant role in the field of disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. By analyzing the activities of enzymes and changes of certain substances in the body fluids, the number of disease conditions can be diagnosed. Disorders resulting from deficiency (quantitative and qualitative) and excess of oxidoreductase, which may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities and decreased normal performance of life, are becoming common.

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“…So far, 525 transgenics in 32 crops have been commercialized, of which Zea mays accounts for the highest number. Cultivation of transgenic crops has boosted agricultural productivity to about 22% leading to a 68% increase in profits (Kumar et al 2020 ). Several genetic engineering technologies have been utilized for crop improvement, which is briefly discussed in the following sections (Fig.…”

Section: Biotechnological Interventions For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%