Genetically Modified Medicago truncatula Lacking Calcium Oxalate has Increased Calcium Bioavailability and Partially Rescues Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice Phenotypes

Li, Xiangkai; Yang, Jian; Morris, Joseph E.; Hester, Ashley; Nakata, Paul A.; Hirschi, Kendal D.

doi:10.4172/jbb.1000133

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Statistical and biological significance may not be same in regards to plant oxalate concentration and fitness. Trials on nutrition and herbivory deterrent effectiveness in Medicago truncata have demonstrated that oxalate decreases herbivory and nutrition in rats and chewing insects, though these model plants were knock-out genotypes (with no oxalate production) [60,61]. The effects of slight changes in concentration, as seen here, may be more difficult to determine over short experimental durations.…”

Section: Biological Significance Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Could this have any effect on the palatability of the plant? The literature suggests that Ca oxalate raphides, needle-like structures, are one defense against herbivores [60,62]. However, a synergistic effect occurs when other defensive factors are present, such as other needle-like structures, such as silica raphides, or chemical defenses, such as cysteine protease [63].…”

Section: Biological Significance Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do the Invasive Earthworms Amynthas agrestis (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) and Lumbricus rubellus (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Stimulate Oxalate-Based Browser Defenses in Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) by Their Presence or Their Soil Biogeochemical Activity?

Melnichuk¹,

Tecimen

Görres

2022

Soil Systems

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The introduction of invasive earthworms initiates physical and chemical alterations in previously earthworm-free forest soils, which triggers an ecological cascade. The most apparent step is the shift in the herbaceous plant community composition. However, some species, such as Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit), persist where earthworms are present. It has been hypothesized that A. triphyllum produces insoluble oxalate, an herbivory deterrent, in the presence of earthworms. This study aimed to distinguish between the effects of earthworm-induced changes in soils and the physical presence of earthworms on oxalate production. As such, a two-way factorial greenhouse trial was conducted using uninvaded soils to test this hypothesis for two invasive earthworm species (Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus). The sequential extraction of oxalates in A. triphyllum corms was performed with absolute ethanol, deionized water, acetic acid and HCl, representing fractions of decreasing solubility. Earthworm presence increased water-soluble (p = 0.002) and total oxalate (p = 0.022) significantly, but only marginally significantly for HCl-soluble oxalate (p = 0.065). The corms of plants grown in soils previously exposed to the two species did not differ in oxalate production when earthworms were not present. However, the data suggest that earthworms affect corm oxalate concentrations and that the sequence of invasion matters for oxalate production by A. triphyllum.

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Section: Biological Significance Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%