Genetics of Clubroot and Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance in Brassica Vegetables: The Application of Marker Assisted Breeding for Disease Resistance

Abstract

The genus Brassica contains important vegetable crops, which serve as a source of oil seed, condiments, and forages. However, their production is hampered by various diseases such as clubroot and Fusarium wilt, especially in Brassica vegetables. Soil-borne diseases are difficult to manage by traditional methods. Host resistance is an important tool for minimizing disease and many types of resistance (R) genes have been identified. More than 20 major clubroot (CR) disease-related loci have been identified in Brassica vegetables and several CR-resistant genes have been isolated by map-based cloning. Fusarium wilt resistant genes in Brassica vegetables have also been isolated. These isolated R genes encode the toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rice-repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) protein. DNA markers that are linked with disease resistance allele have been successfully applied to improve disease resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this review, we focused on the recent status of identifying clubroot and Fusarium wilt R genes and the feasibility of using MAS for developing disease resistance cultivars in Brassica vegetables.

Comparing the Infection Biology of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot Susceptible and Resistant Hosts and Non-hosts

“…Scale bars: 10 µm. (Mehraj et al, 2020). Clubroot resistance from the A genome is always complete and controlled by monogenes, of which Crr1a and CRa have been isolated (Ueno et al, 2012;Hatakeyama et al, 2013).…”

“…Presently, most clubroot-resistant loci or genes are identified from the A genome or the C genome of Brassica species ( Mehraj et al, 2020 ). Clubroot resistance from the A genome is always complete and controlled by monogenes, of which Crr1a and CRa have been isolated ( Ueno et al, 2012 ; Hatakeyama et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Clubroot-resistant materials are widely present in Brassicaceae species revealed by a large screening of germplasm ( Hirai, 2006 ; Diederichsen et al, 2009 ; Piao et al, 2009 ; Jakir Hasan et al, 2012 ; Peng et al, 2014 ; Farid et al, 2020 ). Presently, more than 20 major clubroot disease-related loci have been identified in Brassica vegetables, and several resistant genes have been isolated by map-based cloning ( Mehraj et al, 2020 ). In general, clubroot-resistant loci and genes from B. rapa (A genome) are pathotype-specific and monogene-controlled, while those from Brassica oleracea (C genome) are always pathotype-non-specific and controlled by polygene.…”

Breeding for Disease Resistance in Brassica Vegetables Using DNA Marker Selection

“…Production of Brassica vegetables constantly threatened by emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, whose incidence has increased in recent years [2,3]. The major diseases of Brassica vegetables are Black rot, clubroot, Downy mildew, Fusarium wilt, soft rot, and Turnip mosaic virus [2].…”

“…The major diseases of Brassica vegetables are Black rot, clubroot, Downy mildew, Fusarium wilt, soft rot, and Turnip mosaic virus [2]. Cultural, physical, biological, or chemical controls, or a combination of these controls, integrated pest management, are used for disease control [2,3]. However, soil-borne phytopathogens such as Fusarium wilt or clubroot are hard to control by physical and chemical methods, and they can survive in the soil for many years in dormant conditions and become devastating when they find suitable host [2][3][4].…”