Genetics of Metabolic Variations between
            <i>Yersinia pestis</i>
            Biovars and the Proposal of a New Biovar, microtus

Zhou, Dongsheng; Tong, Zongzhong; Song, Yajun; Han, Yanping; Pei, Decui; Pang, Xin; Zhai, Jing; Li, Min; Cui, Baizhong; Zhang, Qi; Jin, Lixia; Dai, Ruixia; Du, Zongmin; Wang, Jin; Guo, Zhaobiao; Wang, Jian; Huang, Peitang; Yang, Ruifu

doi:10.1128/jb.186.15.5147-5152.2004

Cited by 190 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this study, we found napA613 in 24 2.MED isolates (Table 1), including pestoides J, but not in 98 other strains, including seven from 0.PE1, 0.PE4, or 2.ANT that do not reduce nitrate. Similar results have recently been published by other investigators (8,10).…”

Section: Pestoides and Microtus Belong To Y Pestissupporting

confidence: 82%

“…2e. A Signature Mutation in napA. According to the data presented here and by others (8,10), the inability to reduce nitrate is common to distantly related organisms in 2.MED, 0.PE1, 0.PE4, and 2.ANT (3͞5 isolates). We found that the sequence of the entire nap operon is identical between strains IP564 (2.MED), IP554 (1.ANT), and CO92 (1.ORI), except for a premature stop codon in IP564 (Fig.…”

Section: Pestoides and Microtus Belong To Y Pestismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some enzootic Y. pestis isolates from a wide variety of rodents in China also do not readily fit into the classical biovars (7), resulting in a new biovar designation, Microtus, for Y. pestis that do not cause disease in larger mammals and cannot reduce nitrate or ferment arabinose (10). Even the belief that historical plague was caused by Y. pestis has been challenged repeatedly because of a different epidemiology from that of modern plague in India (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: P Lague Decimated the Human Population Of Europe And Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Achtman

Morelli

Zhu

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

487

373

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The association of historical plague pandemics with Yersinia pestis remains controversial, partly because the evolutionary history of this largely monomorphic bacterium was unknown. The microevolution of Y. pestis was therefore investigated by three different multilocus molecular methods, targeting genomewide synonymous SNPs, variation in number of tandem repeats, and insertion of IS100 insertion elements. Eight populations were recognized by the three methods, and we propose an evolutionary tree for these populations, rooted on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The tree invokes microevolution over millennia, during which enzootic pestoides isolates evolved. This initial phase was followed by a binary split 6,500 years ago, which led to populations that are more frequently associated with human disease. These populations do not correspond directly to classical biovars that are based on phenotypic properties. Thus, we recommend that henceforth groupings should be based on molecular signatures. The age of Y. pestis inferred here is compatible with the dates of historical pandemic plague. However, it is premature to infer an association between any modern molecular grouping and a particular pandemic wave that occurred before the 20th century.insertion element ͉ SNP ͉ variable number tandem repeats ͉ pandemic ͉ molecular clock

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Section: Pestoides and Microtus Belong To Y Pestissupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Pestoides and Microtus Belong To Y Pestismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P Lague Decimated the Human Population Of Europe And Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Achtman

Morelli

Zhu

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

487

373

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“…One isolate from human bubonic plague lies on the deepest branch, 0.PE7, and the isolate from a human flea was found in the 0.ANT1 clade. Even though biovar Microtus (0.PE4C) is not associated with human disease (22,23), the deepest branch within 0.PE4, 0.PE4A, includes two isolates from human disease. These observations thus show that the potential to cause human disease has probably been present since Y. pestis first evolved, and all known lineages can potentially cause plague, except 0.PE4C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical variations in mutation rate in an epidemic pathogen, Yersinia pestis

Cui

Yan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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369

442

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The genetic diversity of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, is extremely limited because of its recent origin coupled with a slow clock rate. Here we identified 2,326 SNPs from 133 genomes of Y. pestis strains that were isolated in China and elsewhere. These SNPs define the genealogy of Y. pestis since its most recent common ancestor. All but 28 of these SNPs represented mutations that happened only once within the genealogy, and they were distributed essentially at random among individual genes. Only seven genes contained a significant excess of nonsynonymous SNP, suggesting that the fixation of SNPs mainly arises via neutral processes, such as genetic drift, rather than Darwinian selection. However, the rate of fixation varies dramatically over the genealogy: the number of SNPs accumulated by different lineages was highly variable and the genealogy contains multiple polytomies, one of which resulted in four branches near the time of the Black Death. We suggest that demographic changes can affect the speed of evolution in epidemic pathogens even in the absence of natural selection, and hypothesize that neutral SNPs are fixed rapidly during intermittent epidemics and outbreaks.infectious disease | molecular clock | phylogenomics | NGS | molecular epidemiology

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“…The DNA microarray has recently been applied to comparative and evolutionary genomic analysis by comparing the genomic contents between different (12,(45)(46)(47). The DNA microarray also offers an ideal tool for genome-wide analysis of gene regulation at the transcriptional level (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray Analysis of Temperature‐Induced Transcriptome of Yersinia pestis

Han

Zhou

Pang

et al. 2004

Microbiology and Immunology

Self Cite

107

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Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, must acclimatize itself to temperature shifts between the temperature (26 C) for flea blockage and the body temperature (37 C) of warm-blooded hosts during its life cycle. Here a whole-genome DNA microarray was used to investigate transcriptional regulation upon the upshift of growth temperature from 26 to 37 C in a chemically defined medium. Four hundred and one genes were regulated differentially under the two temperatures. About 39% of these genes were up-regulated at 37 C, whereas 61% were down-regulated. Temperature-induced changes occurred at the level of transcription of genes encoding proven or predicted virulence factors, regulators, metabolism-associated proteins, prophages, and hypothetical proteins. Strikingly, many gene clusters displayed a co-transcription pattern in response to temperature upshift. Our data provided a genome-wide profile of gene transcription induced by temperature shift and should shed light on the pathogenicity and host-microbe interaction of this deadly pathogen.

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Genetics of Metabolic Variations between Yersinia pestis Biovars and the Proposal of a New Biovar, microtus

Cited by 190 publications

References 10 publications

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Historical variations in mutation rate in an epidemic pathogen, Yersinia pestis

Microarray Analysis of Temperature‐Induced Transcriptome of Yersinia pestis

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