Genetoxicity and polynuclear aromatic hydorcarbon analysis of environmental tobacco smke samples from restaurants

Abstract

Acetone-extracted samples of airborne particulate matter collected in three restaurants were analysed for their content of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and related polynuclear aromatic compounds (PAC) as well as for genotoxic activity using the Salmonella/microsome assay (strains TA98 and TA100) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. The total particulate matter varied considerably in the restaurants, being 1.37 mg/m3 at the highest; in the same restaurant the highest amount of total PAHs (168 ng/m3) was also detected. Altogether, 13-22 individual PACs were identified in the samples, ranging from phenanthrene to benzothionaphthene. All of the six samples caused significant increases both in bacterial revertant and SCE frequencies. In the Salmonella assay, the mutagenic activity detected was primarily with metabolic activation. However, in the CHO cell cultures the induction of SCEs was also seen without an exogenous metabolic activation system. The cytotoxicity of the extracts limited the concentration range tested in the SCE assay. Only a partial correspondence of the total PAH content with the genotoxic activity of the samples was found. The genotoxicity of restaurant air exceeded by one to two orders of magnitude the previously reported activities detected by similar methods in urban outdoor and indoor air samples.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Casino Dealers

“…These compounds, some of which are known lung carcinogens, have been found in previous studies of ETS in homes and restaurants. 23,24 Of the 16 PAHs evaluated, only naphthalene was found in quantifiable concentrations in both PBZ and area air samples. The EPA has classified naphthalene as a possible human carcinogen.…”

Environmental and biological assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among casino dealers.

“…These compounds, some of which are known lung carcinogens, have been found in previous studies of ETS in homes and restaurants [Husgafvel-Pursiainen et al 1986;Grimmer and Naujack 1987]. Of the 16 PAHs evaluated, only naphthalene was found in quantifiable concentrations in both PBZ and area air samples.…”

Probenecid, an inhibitor of transmembrane organic anion transporters, alters tissue distribution of DNA adducts in 1-hydroxymethylpyrene-treated rats

“…1-MP levels in cigarette smoke condensate vary between 4.1 and 36.2 g/100 cigarettes, which is about three to ten times higher compared to benzo[a]pyrene levels in eight different brands of cigarettes (Grimmer, 1979;Lee et al, 1976;Severson et al, 1976). Substantial amounts of 1-MP were also detected in exhausts of diesel engines (Jensen and Hites, 1983), in restaurants and pubs (Husgafvel-Pursiainen et al, 1986), as contaminant in smoked cheese and olive oil , and as bio-accumulated pollutant in sea products (Pancirov and Brown, 1977). Unlike the unsubstituted pyrene, 1-MP has shown carcinogenic activity in rodents (Rice et al, 1987), originating probably from side-chain hydroxylation to 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (1-HMP) (Engst et al, 1999;Rice et al, 1988), followed by sulfotransferase (SULT)-catalyzed conversion to the electrophilic sulfuric acid ester 1-SMP ( Fig.…”