Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Abstract

Scope Salmonella is the main food‐borne pathogen, which can infect intestinal epithelial cells and causes colitis. Genistein has a variety of biological activities that alleviates colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate in a variety of ways, but its protective effects on colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are still unknown. Methods and Results This study explores the protective effect of genistein in reducing colitis caused by Salmonella infection. Salmonella causes colon inflammation through activating cyclooxygenase‐2/prostaglandin E2, and genistein inhibits colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella infection increases colonic mucosal damage, proliferating cells, and goblet cell loss, while the administration of genistein solves these pathological changes. In addition, it is further proved that Salmonella causes severe colitis related to goblet cell loss and activates the host crypt stem cells to repair the damaged epithelium. Salmonella infection inhibites the host mammalian target of rapamycin, activates light chain 3 II pathways to induce autophagy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Genistein increases Lactobacillus in feces and reduces Salmonella colonization to inhibit colitis induces by Salmonella infection. Conclusion This study demonstrates genistein alleviated colitis and inhibites the goblet cell loss causes by Salmonella infection through regulating the gut bacteria and intestinal stem cell development.

Association of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chicken

“…The present results showed that SE infection significantly decreased the VH (at 7 and 21 dpi), VW (at 7 dpi), VSA (at 7 and 21 dpi), VH/CD (at 21 dpi), and EPT (at 7 dpi). Our results are consistent with the previous studies that reported that Salmonella infection in chickens decreases the villus height, crypt depth, villus surface area, and villus height/crypt depth ratio [ 24 , 28 , 30 , 42 , 43 ]. Moreover, the current work found that Salmonella infection significantly increased the LPT (at 21 dpi), increasing inflammatory cell infiltration.…”

“…Glycoproteins that are produced by the goblet cells effectively flush external pathogenic agents and prevent harmful chemicals from contacting the intestinal epithelial cells [ 33 , 34 ]. The present study showed that SE significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the ileum and caecum of infected chickens, following the previous studies [ 28 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Although some researchers showed that Salmonella infection increases the goblet cells density [ 30 ], we observed a depletion of goblet cells in the present work.…”

“…The intestine of birds is involved in fermentation, transport, and nutritional absorption. Apart from its food absorption and transport activities, the intestinal epithelium also acts as a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms and hazardous chemicals [ 28 ]. Chronic Salmonella infection can damage the gut mucosal barrier and disrupt intestinal homeostasis [ 29 ].…”

Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Intestinal Health Through Modulation of the NLRP3 Signaling Pathway

“…Western blotting for differentially expressed proteins was performed according to a previously reported method ( 21 ). Jejunum tissue extracts were prepared with the RIPA buffer.…”

“…Western blotting for differentially expressed proteins was performed according to a previously reported method (21) At last, the blots were visualized by the BeyoECL Plus (P0018S, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The representative blot from four independent experiments was presented for each protein.…”