Genocide in the Kampongs? Dutch nineteenth century colonial warfare in Aceh, Sumatra

Kreike, Emmanuel

doi:10.1080/14623528.2012.719367

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…To respond to this situation, the Dutch established a new strategy called 'concentration system' in 1884, which focused on defending the Dutch military occupation in Koetaradja (Banda Aceh) and Aceh Besar territorial. The concentration system tactic aimed at reducing the cost of the colonial administration of the war, which had ballooned due to the size of the military operations (Kreike, 2018). Moreover, this tactic had made the Dutch colonial zone very limited to just twenty square kilometers in the Koetaraja vicinity.…”

Section: Heritage Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1904, van Heutsz was promoted to be the governor-general of the NIS, while Hurgronje was still in his position as the Dutch advisor for native affairs. Both had organized some ruthless pursuits killing 20,000 Acehnese from 1898 to 1909 when Heutsz was the governor of Aceh; around was killed (Kreike, 2018;Paul van 't Veer, 1985: 217;Reid, 2006: 101). The genocide of the Acehnese was also executed by Lieutenant Colonel L.L.E.…”

Section: Snouck Hurngronje's Approach To End the Acehnese Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Snouck Hurgronje’s Doctrine in Conquering the Holy Revolts of Acehnese Natives

Fahmi

2021

Heritage of nusant. : International j. of Religious Literature

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This article aims to analyze the role of Christian Snouck Hurgronje in Aceh warfare (1873-1902). Snouck Hurgronje was involved in the Dutch war in Aceh by advising military chiefs of the best approach to conquer the insurgency in the Aceh region. The article is qualitative research, in which data is primarily extracted from secondary resources, such as books, journals, and other related sources on this topic. The paper found that after the Dutch declared war on Aceh on 26th March 1873, they were exhausted and lost against the Acehnese revolt. The Dutch government finally recruited an Islamic and Oriental expert from Leiden University, Prof Christian Snouck Hurgronje, to find the best way to conquer the rebellion in Aceh. This recruitment was also intertwined with the academic motivation of Hurgronje to understand Islam and its society of Aceh. Accordingly, Hurgronje suggested that the best solution to end the Acehnese resistance was by establishing a good partnership with the Acehnese royal chiefs called ‘Uleebalang’ on the one hand and demolishing the resistance groups that led by the ulama (Islamic scholars) groups on the other hand. Snouck Hurgronje believed that the ulama was the most radical Islamic institution who led a holy war against the Dutch colonial regime in Aceh. As a result, the Dutch military chief interpreted his recommendation by deploying all resources to hunt and execute the ulama and their followers. In some cases, this military operation caused a genocide of innocent peoples such as women, the elderly, and children.

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Section: Heritage Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snouck Hurngronje's Approach To End the Acehnese Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Snouck Hurgronje’s Doctrine in Conquering the Holy Revolts of Acehnese Natives

Fahmi

2021

Heritage of nusant. : International j. of Religious Literature

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“…With of the signing of the London Treaty, the Dutch entered Aceh in 1873 and employed scorched-earth tactics to suppress internal resistance (Kreike 2012). The Dutch forces would be embroiled in spurts of conflict with Acehnese insurgents throughout the colonial era.…”

Section: Acehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance as Implicit Order: Militias and Sexual Violence as Practice in Indonesian Counterinsurgency Operations

Park

Sim

2021

Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding

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What conditions precipitate militia-inflicted sexual violence during counterinsurgency (COIN) and stabilization operations? Bringing insights from the outsourcing and social cohesion theses, we expand on the sexual violence as practice framework by focusing on the issue of commander's tolerance. Given the principal-agent problem, tolerance can be conceptualized and refined as a form of implicit order. Prioritizing the relationship between government and militia groups, we argue that militia-inflicted sexual violence is amplified by two interrelated conditionsthe link to (or association with) the government security forces and the autonomy permitted to the militias to act independently in maintaining control in conflict zones. As such, sexual violence-as-weapons of war logic can be extended to understand the finer variations of militia-committed violence in COIN operations. We elaborate our explanations by analyzing three peripheral operations conducted by Indonesian security forces and the associated militias: East Timor, Aceh and West Papua. We process-trace the mechanisms through which the two conditions of linkage and autonomy permit progovernment militia groups to commit mass civilian killing and sexual violence. In the final section, we conclude with broad policy implications from our research.

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“…At the first time, this park is only a playground for the Sultan's family (Ichwan, 2011) which was full of plants and flowers, and left empty until Aceh was free from Dutch colonial expansion (Kreike, 2012). There was no building there at that time.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meaningful Place: Transforming Taman Sari Banda Aceh as City Park

Rahmalia

2018

Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies

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City Park is a public space which should be utilized optimally by the community. One of the city parks intersecting with the center of facilities and infrastructure of Banda Aceh city is Taman Sari. The condition of the urban park in Banda Aceh city is not comfortable enough. Therefore, people tend not to use public space optimally, in this case, as a place for interacting and holding the certain events. This research was intended to conduct a systematic observation on the utilization of Taman Sari (the city park) to maximize its function as public area and manage the efforts for the improvement of the area related to transformation of recreational area as the local playground into more meaningful, purposeful and useful site in term of social, economic, and environment sectors. The data obtained through field surveys, interviews and the study of literature as well as providing documentation about the activities of the community by analyzing the qualitative descriptive methods. The result showed that the city park which was also as the representative public open area in Banda Aceh did not provide public facilities sufficiently. Therefore, the existence of the city park would not only act as a playground but it could be more functional and beneficial in accordance with social and recreational activities, community creative art and entertainment, entrepreneurial activities as well as environmental conservation. The Availability of public facilities would provide more attracting values to invite public to utilize the area as the center for many activities.

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Genocide in the Kampongs? Dutch nineteenth century colonial warfare in Aceh, Sumatra

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Snouck Hurgronje’s Doctrine in Conquering the Holy Revolts of Acehnese Natives

The Snouck Hurgronje’s Doctrine in Conquering the Holy Revolts of Acehnese Natives

Tolerance as Implicit Order: Militias and Sexual Violence as Practice in Indonesian Counterinsurgency Operations

The Meaningful Place: Transforming Taman Sari Banda Aceh as City Park

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