Genome‐scale Assessment of Molecular Pathology in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases using Microarray Technology: A Potential Breakthrough Diagnostic and Individualized Therapy‐design Tool

Abstract

Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases are of complex aetiology, characterized by an intricate interplay of various factors. A myriad of genes lies behind the heterogeneous manifestations of these diseases, and the overexpression and repression of particular genes form a specific gene‐expression profile (genetic fingerprints) that is characteristic to the given disease phenotype. Besides the description of various cell types by using gene‐expression profiling, the data should be directly applicable to the design of individual therapeutic protocols for patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the gene‐expression profile, various genetic signatures of different autoimmune diseases and give an overview on the possible interpretations of the data. The application of recent breakthroughs in high‐throughput molecular profiling technologies, such as microarray technology has been the basis for a revolution in biomedical research, as well as diagnostics and pharmaceutical development. It is easy to envision a day when personalized medicine, which is the diagnosis and treatment of a given patient with agents and procedures tailored to that patient's genetics, physiology and pathology, will become the standard of care.

Periodontitis Associates with a Type 1 IFN Signature in Peripheral Blood Neutrophils

“…Global gene expression profiling of peripheral blood cells has already proven to be a valuable tool not only for identifying novel clinically useful biomarkers, but also for determining pathogenic mechanisms in chronic inflammatory human diseases that provide new therapeutic targets (33,34). To our knowledge the current study is the first to apply this technology to study transcriptional patterns in unstimulated, unprimed PBN from chronic periodontitis patients.…”

“…Recently, high-throughput gene expression approaches comparing peripheral blood cells from control subjects and patients have contributed to improved diagnostic procedures and molecular understanding for a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis (33,34). The aim of this study, therefore, was to use microarray technology to analyze the gene expression signature of hyperresponsive PBN from periodontitis patients to identify factors potentially important for disease pathogenesis.…”

Correlation between cold and hot pattern in traditional Chinese medicine and gene expression profiles in rheumatoid arthritis

“…However, the clinical expressions of RA are rather heterogeneous, making it difficult to be characterized biochemically [4]. Based on the clinical manifestations, the patients with RA could be classified into different patterns under traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); these TCM patterns can help find a subset of RA patients for a specific type of therapy [5,6].…”

Upcoming value of gene expression analysis in rheumatology

“…Более того, изменения, происходящие в тканях и крови больных РА взаимосвязаны, поскольку показано, что в клетках крови больных РА повышена экспрессия генов, регулирующих морфогенез кости и хряща, по сравнению со здоровыми лицами [144] и отмечена корреляция экспрессии генов в крови и повреждённых тканях больных РА [145][146][147][148]. Ранее были выявлены различия в экспрессии ряда генов, ассоциированных с РЗ, по сравнению со здоровыми лицами не только в таргетных органах, но и в крови больных [17,[149][150][151].…”