Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis

Ivanova, Natalia; Sorokin, Alexeï; Anderson, Iain; Galleron, Nathalie; Candelon, Benjamin; Kapatral, Vinayak; Bhattacharyya, Anamitra; Reznik, Gary; Mikhailova, Natalia; Lapidus, Alla; Chu, Lien; Mazur, Michael; Goltsman, Eugene; Larsen, Niels; D’Souza, Mark; Walunas, Theresa L.; Grechkin, Yuri; Pusch, Gordon D.; Haselkorn, Robert; Fonstein, Michael; Ehrlich, S. Dusko; Overbeek, Ross; Kyrpides, Nikos C.

doi:10.1038/nature01582

Cited by 740 publications

(631 citation statements)

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“…pBClin15 was isolated as described in Materials and Methods, and subsequent runoff sequencing at the extremities gave the whole sequence of this linear molecule. Sequences of 100 and 74 bp were missing from the left and right extremities, respectively, bringing the actual size of pBClin15 to 15,274 bp instead of 15,100 bp as originally reported (11). The pBClin15 sequence has since been corrected (AE016878).…”

Section: Gil16 Is Morphologically Similar To Other Tectiviral Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GIL16, a New Gram-Positive Tectiviral Phage Related to theBacillus thuringiensisGIL01 and theBacillus cereuspBClin15 Elements

2005

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One of the most notable characteristics of Tectiviridae resides in their double-layer coats: the doublestranded DNA is located within a flexible lipoprotein vesicle covered by a rigid protein capsid. Despite their apparent rarity, tectiviruses have an extremely wide distribution compared to other phage groups. Members of this family have been found to infect gram-negative (PRD1 and relatives) as well as gram-positive (Bam35, GIL01, AP50, and NS11) hosts. Several reports have shown that tectiviruses infecting gram-negative bacteria are closely related, whereas no information is currently available on the genetic relationship among those infecting gram-positive bacteria. The present study reports the sequence of GIL16, a new isolate originating from Bacillus thuringiensis, and a genetic comparison of this isolate with the tectiviral bacteriophages Bam35 and GIL01, which originated from B. thuringiensis serovars Alesti and Israelensis, respectively. In contrast to PRD1 and its relatives, these are temperate bacteriophages existing as autonomous linear prophages within the host cell. Mutations in a particular motif in both the GIL01 and GIL16 phages are also shown to correlate with a switch to the lytic cycle. Interestingly, both bacterial viruses displayed narrow, yet slightly different, host spectrums. We also explore the hypothesis that pBClin15, a linear plasmid hosted by the Bacillus cereus reference strain ATCC 14579, is also a prophage. Sequencing of its inverted repeats at both extremities and a comparison with GIL01 and GIL16 emphasize its relationship to the Tectiviridae.The bacteriophage GIL01 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 14,931 bp delineated by imperfect 73-bp inverted repeats and protected by proteins at its 5Ј ends. GIL01 is a temperate bacteriophage that was isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar Israelensis whose prophage form, designated pGIL01, resides in the host cell as an autonomous linear plasmid without any apparent integration into the host chromosome. It has been suggested that GIL01 belongs to the family Tectiviridae (28), whose members are characterized by the presence of an internal lipid membrane. While tectiviruses infecting gram-negative bacteria have been extensively studied at the genetic level, those infecting gram-positive bacteria remain less well characterized. PRD1, for instance, is the family model and infects bacteria harboring conjugative plasmids of the P, N, or W incompatibility groups, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. These plasmids encode the phage receptor but are not otherwise involved in the virus life cycle In addition to GIL01, three other tectiviruses that infect gram-positive bacteria have been identified so far. The bacteriophages AP50 and NS11, isolated from Bacillus anthracis (19) and Bacillus acidocaldarius (23, 24), respectively, have only been morphologically characterized. Bam35 was isolated from B. thuringiensis serovar Alesti in 1978 (1) and was recently sequenced (21), revealing that it differs from GIL01 by 11 bp. A p...

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Section: Gil16 Is Morphologically Similar To Other Tectiviral Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pBClin15 is delineated by imperfect ITRs. Sequencing of the B. cereus reference strain ATCC 14579 led to the identification of a 15.1-kb linear plasmid, pBClin15 (11). This molecule has a size and genetic organization comparable to those of GIL01, suggesting that it might also be a prophage.…”

Section: Gil16 Is Morphologically Similar To Other Tectiviral Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIL16, a New Gram-Positive Tectiviral Phage Related to theBacillus thuringiensisGIL01 and theBacillus cereuspBClin15 Elements

2005

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“…It should be noted that the number of ORFs predicted for pBClin15 differs between the GenBank annotation, 21 ORFs (Ivanova et al, 2003), and the genetic structure predicted from sequence alignment to the genomes of tectiviruses, 28 ORFs (Strömsten et al, 2003). The ORFs with characterized or predicted functions closely overlap between the two annotations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ORFs with characterized or predicted functions closely overlap between the two annotations. The microarray slides used in this study were designed from the GenBank annotation (Ivanova et al, 2003), but in order to conform to previous publications on tectiviruses of Gram-positive bacteria we adjusted the ORF numbering according to Strömsten et al (2003) with the adjustments of Verheust et al (2005) ( Table S1, available in Microbiology Online).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…virulence factors) are located on plasmids. The genome of the B. cereus reference strain ATCC 14579 includes pBClin15; a 15 274 bp cryptic linear plasmid (Carlson et al, 1996;Ivanova et al, 2003). The genetic structure of pBClin15 is reminiscent of bacteriophages belonging to the family Tectiviridae (Sozhamannan et al, 2008;Strömsten et al, 2003;Verheust et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene transcription from the linear plasmid pBClin15 leads to cell lysis and extracellular DNA-dependent aggregation of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in response to quinolone-induced stress

et al. 2013

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Anthrax ( Bacillus Anthracis )

Godbold¹

2005

Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense

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Bacillus anthracis is listed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category A agent, of highest priority in terms of public health and national security. It is considered by most authorities to be the primary biological weapons and bioterrorism threat, a position supported by the fall 2001 “anthrax letters.” The organism has been developed by numerous state‐level offensive biological warfare programs in the past, and terrorist groups such as Aum Shinrikyo have pursued it as a weapon as well. B. anthracis is relatively easy to acquire and produce, and delivery is aided by the fact that its spores are highly resistant to heat, desiccation, and other environmental factors. Disease can occur in three forms depending on the route of infection. Of primary concern in a terrorism context is the inhalational form, caused by respiratory exposure to aerosolized spores. Lethality exceeds 80 percent in untreated individuals with this form of disease.

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Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis

Cited by 740 publications

References 30 publications

GIL16, a New Gram-Positive Tectiviral Phage Related to theBacillus thuringiensisGIL01 and theBacillus cereuspBClin15 Elements

GIL16, a New Gram-Positive Tectiviral Phage Related to theBacillus thuringiensisGIL01 and theBacillus cereuspBClin15 Elements

Gene transcription from the linear plasmid pBClin15 leads to cell lysis and extracellular DNA-dependent aggregation of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in response to quinolone-induced stress

Anthrax ( Bacillus Anthracis )

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